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Musculoskeletal Cortext > Developmental and Neuromuscular Disorders > Flashcards

Developmental and Neuromuscular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is syndactly and how is it treated?

A

Failure of digit separation - treated with surgical separation

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2
Q

What is polydactly and how is it treated?

A

Extra digit formation - treated with surgical removal

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3
Q

What occurs in fibular hemimelia?

A

Partial/complete fibular absence

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4
Q

How is fibular hemimelia treated?

A

Mild - circular frame external fixator

Severe - ankle amputation

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Erb’s palsy?

A

Injury to C5/6 nerve roots during vaginal delivery

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6
Q

What muscles are affected in Erb’s palsy?

A

Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and biceps brachii

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7
Q

What is the main sign of Erb’s palsy?

A

Waiter’s tip posture

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8
Q

Why do people with Erb’s palsy have a waiter’s tip posture?

A

Due to unopposed internal rotation from subscapularis

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9
Q

How is Erb’s palsy treated?

A

Physiotherapy to restore biceps function

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10
Q

What nerve roots are affected in Klumpke’s palsy?

A

C8 & T1

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11
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Paralysed intrinsic hand muscles

Flexed fingers

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12
Q

Give some causes of cerebral palsy

A 
Genetic malformation
Intrauterine infection
Brain malformation
Hypoxia
Meningitis
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13
Q

What are the main types of cerebral palsy?

A

Spastic
Ataxic
Athetoid
Dystonic

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14
Q

What are the types of spastic cerebral palsy?

A

Monoplegic - one limb affected
Hemiplegic - ipsilateral arm and leg
Diplegic - legs only
Quadriplegic - all 4 limbs

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15
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy?

A

Weakness
Spasticity
Hyperreflexia

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16
Q

How is spasticity in cerebral palsy treated?

A

Baclofen/botox

17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of spina bifida?

A

Failure of posterior vertebral arch fusion

18
Q

Give some signs and symptoms of spina bifida oculta

A

Birth mark; skin tag; lipoma
Pes cavus
Bladder/bowel problems

19
Q

A meningocele or myelomeningocele occurs in spina bifida oculta/cystica

A

Cystica

20
Q

What is a meningocele?

A

Herniation of the meninges

21
Q

What is a myelomeningocele?

A

Herniation of the cauda equina nerve roots

22
Q

How is spina bifida cystica treated?

A

Closure within 48 hours

23
Q

What is the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis?

A

Viral infection of anterior horn motor cells

24
Q

Give some signs and symptoms of polio?

A

Flu-like illness

Paralysis of group of muscles in one limb

25
Q

Is sensation preserved in the affected muscles in polio?

A

Yes

26
Q

How is polio treated?

A

Splintage
Tendon transfers
Vaccination

Musculoskeletal Cortext (6 decks)

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