Normal Labor and Delivery (Moulton)

Question 1

__1__ is a cardinal movement of labor that is defined as presenting part at “zero” station.

__2__ is a cardinal movement of labor that is brought about by the force of uterine contractions and maternal valsalva efforts.

__3__ is a cardinal movement of labor where the baby’s chin moves to its chest thus changing the presenting part from occipitofrontal to the smaller suboccipitobregmatic.

__4__ is a cardinal movement of labor that occurs usually at the ischial spines and the fetal head enters pelvis in transverse diameter, rotates so the occiput turns anteriorly or posteriorly toward the pubic symphysis.

__5__ is a cardinal movement of labor occurs when largest diameter of the fetal head is encircled by the vaginal introitus and station is +5.

__6__ is a cardinal movement of labor where the delivered head now returns to its original position at the time of engagement to align itself with the fetal back and shoulders.

__7__ is a cardinal movement of labor where the anterior shoulder then delivers under the pubic symphysis, followed by the posterior shoulder and the remainder of the body.

Answer 1

1) Engagement
2) Descent
3) Flexion
4) Internal rotation
5) Extension
6) External rotation
7) Expulsion

Question 2

A first degree perineal laceration is described as a superficial laceration involving the __1__ and/or __1__.

A second degree perineal laceration extends into the __2__ of the perineal body but does not involve the __2__.

A third degree perineal laceration extends into or completely through the __3__ but not the __3__.

A fourth degree perineal laceration involves the __4__.

Answer 2

1) Vaginal mucosa and/or the perineal skin
2) Muscles; Anal sphincter
3) Anal sphincter; Rectal mucosa
4) Rectal mucosa