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Obstetrics > Normal Labor > Flashcards

Normal Labor Flashcards

1
Q

What is cervical effacement?

A
  • the progressive shortening and thinning of the cervix in labor
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2
Q

This hormone upregulates uterotonic receptors.

A
  • Estrogen
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3
Q

A blood gas is performed to check for acidosis if the baby has a Apgar score of how low?

A

< 5

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4
Q

How can we obtain a qualitative measure of the timing of contractions?

WILL NOT TELL YOU ABOUT STRENGTH OF CONTRACTIONS ONLY TIMING

A
  • External tocometer
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5
Q

What is the classic qualitative definition of adequate labor?

A

3-5 contractions in 10 minutes

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6
Q

What signs/symptoms must be present to clinically diagnose labor?

A
  • regular painful uterine contractions + progressive cervical effacement and dilatation
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7
Q

What defines the second stage of labor (aka pushing phase)?

A
  • period from full dilatation until delivery of the fetus
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8
Q

How is fetal position determined?

A
  • palpation of the sutures and posterior fontanelle
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9
Q

What are the classifications of the Apgar score?

A 
0-3 = critically low
4-6 = fairly low
7-10 = generally normal
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10
Q

Maximum dilation is defined as?

A

10 cm

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11
Q

An ideal pelvic shape is what?

A

round to slightly oval

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12
Q

An episiotomy is consisted with what degree of perineal tear?

A
  • second degree perineal tear
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13
Q

What is considered the best test for an adequate pelvis?

A
  • a trial of labor
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14
Q

What does the evidence say about how fast cord clamping should be done?

A
  • delayed cord clamping leads to better outcomes
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15
Q

What defines the first stage of labor?

A
  • interval between onset of labor and full cervical dilation
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16
Q

Increased synthesis of this hormone in membranes and decidua leads to the transition to labor.

A
  • Prostaglandins
17
Q

The third stage is considered to be prolonged if it is > ___ minutes.

A

> 30 minutes

18
Q

What is the difference between a third-degree and fourth-degree perineal tear?

A
  • third degree = anal sphincter torn

- fourth degree = rectum torn

19
Q

How can we obtain a quantitative measure of the strength of contractions?

A
  • internal pressure catheter (IPC)
20
Q

What is the easiest and most common pelvic shape?

A
  • Gynecoid
21
Q

What does the term “engagement” mean?

A
  • When the fetal head enters into the pelvic inlet
22
Q

When would you need a pundendal nerve block during pregnancy?

A
  • if a patient needs a forceps delivery but does not have an epidural
23
Q

What is the most common presentation in vaginal delivery?

A
  • cephalic
24
Q

What defines the third stage?

A
  • time from delivery of baby to separation and expulsion of the placenta
25
Q

If you are using an internal pressure catheter (IPC) to quantitatively measure labor, what value is considered “adequate”?

A
  • > 200 montevideo units (MVUs)
26
Q

Withdrawal of this hormone may be associated with onset of labor.

A
  • Progesterone
27
Q

Pulsatile release of this hormone causes contractions.

A
  • Oxytocin
28
Q

What drug can be given to speed up the expulsion of the placenta?

A
  • oxytocin (pitocin)
29
Q

What is the difference between the latent phase and active phase of the first stage of labor?

A
  • latent phase = Onset of labor to point at which change in the slope of rate of cervical change (usually around 4 cm dilated)
  • activate phase = a faster rate of cervical dilation than latent phase
30
Q

By measuring the fetal size you can estimate this value.

A
  • fetal weight
31
Q

Fetal station “0” is located at this bony landmark.

A
  • Ischial spine
32
Q

The easiest vaginal delivery is when the posterior fontanelle of the fetus is facing ______.

A
  • anterior
33
Q

How many measurements do you need to obtain to estimate the fetal weight using US?

A

4 measurements

2 of head, 1 of belly, 1 of thigh

Obstetrics (12 decks)

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