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Normal human development Flashcards

1
Q

stranger anxiety

A

the caution and wariness displayed by infants when encountering an unfamiliar person usually seen at 8-12 months

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2
Q

separation anxiety

A

the distress displayed by infants when a customary care provider departs
usually seen at 6-8 months and peaks at 14-18months

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3
Q

stranger and separation anxiety

A

represent important social progress

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4
Q

trust-vs-mistrust stage

A

according to Erikson
period of time during which infants develop a sense of trust/mistrust
largely depending on how well their needs are met by caregivers

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5
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt stage

A

according to Erikson
period during which toddlers develop independence and autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame and self-doubt if they are \restricted/overprotected

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6
Q

sensorimotor stage

A 
part of Piagets cognitive development
first 2 yrs
reacting to environment
manipulating environment
ends/means relationship
object permanance
infers cause/effect
assimilation/accomadation
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7
Q

object permanence

A
  • understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
  • usually partially complete by 8-12 months and established by 12-18months
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8
Q

attachment

A

positive emotional bond that develops between child and particular individual

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9
Q

ainsworth strange situation

A

sequence of staged episodes that illustrate the strength of attachment btwn child and his mother/primary care giver

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10
Q

secure attachment pattern

A

style of attachment in which kids use mother as home base and are at ease when she is present, when she leaves they become upset, and go to her when she returns

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11
Q

reactive attachment disorder of infancy/early childhood

A

exposed to really poor care or abuse

  • inhibited type (child withdrawn or unresponsive)
  • disinhibited type (child approached and cuddles up to strangers)
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12
Q

toddlers

A

18months-2yrs
start moving away from caregiver
Rapporachement- run off, but quickly return to mom
say NO alot

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13
Q

infancy crisis and strength

A

basic trust vs mistrust

hope

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14
Q

early childhood crisis and strength

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

will

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15
Q

play age crisis and strength

A

initiative vs guilt

purpose

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16
Q

school age crisis and strength

A

industry vs inferiority

competence

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17
Q

adolescence crisis and strength

A

identity vs role confusion

fidelity

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18
Q

young adulthood crisis and strength

A

intimacy vs isolation

love

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19
Q

adulthood crisis and strength

A

generatively vs stagnation

care

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20
Q

old age crisis and strength

A

integrity vs despair

wisdom

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21
Q

temperament

A

patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual

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22
Q

goodness-of-fit

A

notion that development is dependent on degree of match btwn kids temperament and the nature and demands of environment in which they are raised

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23
Q

initiative-vs-guilt stage

A

according to erikson

kids 3-6 experience a conflict btwn independence of action and the sometimes negative results of that action

24
Q

functional play

A

simple repetitive activities

usually 3yr olds

25
constructive play
more sophisticated play where kids build something developed by age 4 test physical and cognitive skills
26
parallel play
kids use similar toys in similar manner, but do not interact early pre-school
27
onlooker play
kids simply watch other play | common among preschoolers
28
associative play
2+ kids interact, sharing or borrowing toys but do not do smae thing
29
cooperative play
kids genuinely play w/one anthoer taking turns at a game or devising contests
30
by what age can kids understand others emotions
2
31
by what age can kids understand the difference btwn real and make believe
3-4
32
centration
process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects preschoolers
33
according to piaget's what are the 4 factors which influence cognitive behavior?
maturation of nervous system experience social transmission of information equilibration
34
equilibration
innate tendency for mental growth to progress toward increasingly complexity and stability
35
preoperational stage
``` piagets cognitive development 2-6yrs language acquisition symbolic reasoning egocentrism transductive thinking magical thinking ```
36
concrete operations
``` piagets cognitive development 6-11yrs logical cause/effect reversibility of events social speech ability to take other point of view conversation of volume and quantity rigid interpretation of rules ```
37
formal operations
``` piagets cognitive development 11+yrs abstract reasoning more elaborate information processing metacognitive capacity can grasp probabilities hypothetical thinking ```
38
transformation
according to piaget process whereby one state is changed to another kids in preoperational period are unable to envision or recall successive transformations basically ignore intermediate steps
39
egocentric thought
according to piaget thinking does not take viewpoints of others into accoutn 2 forms: -lack of awareness that others see things from a different physical perspective -failure to realize that other may hold thoughts, feelings different from their own preoperational period
40
intuitive thought
according to piaget thinking that reflects pre-schoolers use of primitive reasoning and their avid acquisition of knowledge about the world begin to show concept of identity
41
industry vs inferiority
erikson | school age
42
industry
developing sense of competency at useful skills and tasks | school provides may opportunities
43
inferiority
pessimism and lack of confidence in own ability to do things well family environment, teachers, and peers can contribute to negative feelings
44
school age
``` 7-11 freud- easy time, few sexual issues develop logical thinking concrete operations concept of conservation ```
45
conservation
1 thing can have 2 meanings | knowledge that quantity is unrelated to arrangement and physical appearance
46
illness at school age
most do well w/coping ones who don't act out they understand finality of death
47
self-concept in middle childhood
social comparisions emphasize competencies both +/- perspective-taking real self vs ideal
48
fears and anxieties in middle childhood
dark, thunder, lightening, supernatural beings fear of real-life personal harm school phobia harsh environments contribute to anxieties
49
school phobia
5-7 separation from home | 11-12 particular aspects of school
50
identity vs role confusion
erikson | adolescence
51
identity
defining who you are, what you value, and life direction commitments to vocation, personal relationships, sexual orientation, ethnic group ideals resolution of identity crisis or exploration
52
role confusion
lack direction and definition of self restricted exploration in adolescence unprepared for stages of adulthood
53
formal operational stage
piagets | hypothetical reasoning
54
propositional thoguht
adolescents can evaluate logic of verbal propositions | kids can evaluate logical of statements by considering them against concrete evidence in real world
55
consequences of adolescent cognitive chagnes
self-consciousness and self-focusing idealsim and criticism planning and decision making (more likely to choose short-term goals, rely on intuition)

Psych (8 decks)

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