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movement science final!!!!! > normal gait pt 2 > Flashcards

normal gait pt 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the minimal range requirements for gait ..
hip extension
hip flexion
knee
ankle PF
ankle DF

A

hip extension- 20°
hip flexion - 30°
knee - 0 to 60°
ankle PF- 20°
ankle DF- 10°

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2
Q

define forces applied to the foot by the ground during stance phase

A

ground reaction forces

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3
Q

what moment is created by gravity, inertia, GRF; in relation to joint center

A

external

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4
Q

power generation is accomplished with muscles ___

A

shortening (concentric contraction ) PUSH

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5
Q

power absorption is accomplished by muscles ____

A

lengthening (eccentric contraction) CUSH

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6
Q

where is the COP during IC

A

posterior lateral heel

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7
Q

when is the COP during the loading response

A

thru lateral midfoot

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8
Q

when is the COP during the terminal stance

A

medially across ball of foot as heel lifts

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9
Q

when is the COP during pre swing

A

1st and 2nd toes

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10
Q

• Inertia
• Gravity
• GRF
these are examples of what kind of forces

A

external

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11
Q

what counteract external forces

A

internal forces

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12
Q

so during IC what are the 3 moments happens

A

hip extensor moments (bc leg going into hip flexion)
knee flexion moment (bc knee going into extension)
DF moments (bc foot going into PF)

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13
Q

what are the moments during LR at the hip knee and ankle

A

hip extensor moments
knee extensor moment
ankle DF moment

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14
Q

what are the moments during mid stance at the hip , knee and ankle

A

hip flexor moments
knee flexor moment
PF moment

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15
Q

what are the moments during terminal stance at the hip , knee, ankle and toes

A

hip flexor moment
knee flexor moment
PF flexor moment
toes flexor moment

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16
Q

what are the moments during pre swing at the hip , knee, ankle and toes

A

hip flexor moments
knee extensor moment
PF flexor moment
toe flexor moment

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17
Q

what are the internal moments during initial contact

A

hip extensions , knee flexion and ankle DF

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18
Q

what are the internal moments during LR

A

hip extension, knee extension and ankle df

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19
Q

what are the internal moments during mid stance

A

Hip FLX, Knee FLX, Ankle PF

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20
Q

what are the internal moments during terminal stance

A

Hip FLX, Knee FLX, Ankle PF

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21
Q

what are the internal moments during pre swing

A

Hip FLX, Knee EXT, Ankle PF

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22
Q

how does the GRF move during IC (from ankle to knee to hip)

A

posteior , anterior , anterior

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23
Q

how does the GRF move during loading response (form ankle to knee to hip)

A

post, post , ant

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24
Q

how does the GRF move during mid stance (form ankle to knee to hip)

A

ant , ant , post

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25
Q

how does the GRF move during terminal stance to prevent swing (form ankle to knee to hip

A

ant , ant , pos

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26
Q

how does the GRF move during initial swing (form ankle to knee to hip

A

ant , post , post

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27
Q

what is the O2 consumption of walking for 20-32 years olds as compares to 75 year olds or with chronic medical conditions

A

32%
48%

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28
Q

what happens are the calcaneal during initial contact to loading response with a fulcrum at the heel

A

calcaneal inversion to calcaneal eversion

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29
Q

where is the fulcrum during loading response to terminal stance

A

ankle

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30
Q

during terminal stance the left rotates over what ? and there is an increased MTP ____

A

forefoot
extension

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31
Q

during pre swing the left rotates over what ? and there is a an increased toe ___

A

toes
extension

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32
Q

there is a slight trunk ___ during IC

A

flexion

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33
Q

there is a slight trunk ___ during single leg stance

A

extension

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34
Q

head, arm and trunks acceleration is counteracted by what

A

hip and back extensors

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35
Q

adductors moment of HAT is counteracted by what

A

hip abductors to minize movement at the stance leg

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36
Q

what is the pelvic and trunk motion in the sagittal plane

A

sinusoidal pattern up and down
4-5 cm with each step

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37
Q

how is the pelvis during IC and at midstnace

A

low at IC and high during mid stance

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38
Q

what is the pelvic and trunk motion in the frontal plane during gait

A

pelvic side to side motion of 4-5 cm and 5° drop of pelvis and trunk leans 5 cm

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39
Q

what is the pelvic and trunk motion during gait in the transverse plane

A

pelvic rotation 4-8* with opposite trunk rotation in relation to reference leg

ex. if you step with the right leg the pelvic rotates 4-8 to the left and left UE rotates to the right

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40
Q

how much does the contralateral arm swing during gait ( if you step with the right how much does the left arm swing forward) what about the ipsilaterla side

A

6°
swings back 24°

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41
Q

when is the pelvis the lowest and highest during stance

A

low. IC
high - mid stance

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42
Q

when mm have Two periods of activation coinciding with each Initial Contact (heel strike) and
at Pre Swing (toe off).

A

erector spinae mm

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43
Q

define dynamic process of re-alignment when changing postures

A

postural righting

44
Q

define process of maintaining an equilibrium orientation of the head-in-space

A

head stability

45
Q

what is the head motion in the sagittal plane during gait

A

7-12 °

46
Q

what is the shoulder ROM during gait

A

30° total (6 flex , 24 ext)

47
Q

how much elbow ROM is there during gait

A

20-45

48
Q

what are the 6 UE mm activity during gait

A

Anterior Deltoid
Posterior Deltoid
Biceps Brachii
Long head Triceps
Upper Trap
Latissimus Dorsi

49
Q

is there greater head and neck flexion during stair descent or ascent

A

descent

50
Q

torque at the knee is __ greater for ascent and descent stairs

A

3x

51
Q

when is there most knee flexion needed during stair cycle

A

foot clearance

52
Q

when is hip flexion needed the most during stair gait

A

foot placement

53
Q

what are the 3 phases present with running gait

A

swing , stance and float

54
Q

GRFs at COP is over ____ of BW for running gait

A

200%

55
Q

what percent is stance phase , float phase and swing phase for running gait

A

stance is 40%
float is 20%
swing is 40%

56
Q

what is the running ROM for hip flexion at terminal swing and IC and hip extension after toe off (pre swing)

A

hip flexion- 60° at terminal swing , 45° at IC
hip extension - 20° after toe off

57
Q

what is running ROM for knee flexion at IC and then during loaded and then during mid swing

A

flexion = 20° at IC then flexes to 60° during loading, then flexes to 130° in MidSwing

58
Q

what is the running ROM for ankle DF at IC and then during loading and then PF during initial swing

A

• 10° of DF at IC and increases to 30° during loading, then PF to 25° by initial swing

59
Q

where is the LE medial rotation and laterla rotation during running gait

A

MR during late swing and loading
ER during stance and early seing

60
Q

neuro changes see decrease in in brain mass by ____ by age 90

A

10-20°

61
Q

there is an estimates ____ loss of maximal strength by age ___ w/o exercise

A

20-40%
65

62
Q

is there a greater loss in type 1 or 2 fibers

A

2

63
Q

as we age are our extensors or flexors affected more

A

extensors

64
Q

as we age and look at our EKGs what flattens and decreased

A

st seg flattens and t wave decreased

65
Q

is there an increase or decrease in BP as we age

A

increase

66
Q

what is the difference in double limb suppport for young people and elderly

A

18% in young
30% in old

67
Q

what is the community functional benchmarks for gait speed , distance and curb height

A

gait speed= > 4ft/sec
distance= >300 m (984ft(
curb height = > 8in

68
Q

can you use gait as a vital sign to detect preclinical disability

A

yes to detect preclinical disbailty

69
Q

during forward lean (WA/SLS) for trunk deviations the LOG shifts in front of __ and ___ , they will have tight hip ___, compensate for weak quads so increase ____, there will increased visual cues and decreased proprioception , abdominal pain and use of assistive devices

A

knee and ankle
flexors
PF

70
Q

someone with a backward trunk lean will have weak hip ___ during weight acceptance and single limb support and weak hip ___ during swing (single leg advancement)

A

extensors
flexors

71
Q

someone with a lateral trunk lean during gait will have weak hip ___ or hip pain during WA/SLS , a ___ stance limb , advance swinging limb and use of a assistive device

A

abductors
short

72
Q

someone with rotations to trunk deviations during gait will have a trunk that moves with the ___ due to decrease dissociation , use of an assistive device .. they will rotate back wards to compensate for increased ___ and rotate forward to ___ limb

A

pelvis
PF
advance

73
Q

why might someone hike their pelvis during gait? and what mm are they using

A

to clear swinging limb
using IPSILATERAL quadratus lumborum

74
Q

why may a patient have an anterior pelvic tilt during gait

A

weak hip extensors , weka abdominals and tight anterior hip

75
Q

why may a patients have a posteior pelvic tilt during gait? and where does they shift their LOG

A

weak hip flexors
weka hip ext
tight HS
shift posteriorly (backward trunk lean)

76
Q

why may a patient have excessive foward pelvic rotation during gait

A

to advance the limb

77
Q

why may a patient have excessive backward pelvic rotation during gait

A

weak calf , no heel off during terminal stance or excess hip flexion

78
Q

if someone has increase hip flexion during gait it can be from ____ contracture or spasticity , ___ ___ tightness , hip pain, compensatory for increased __ ___ and increase ankle DF or compensatory for increased ___ in mid swing

A

HF
IT band
knee flexion
PF

79
Q

if someone has decreased hip extension during gait that can mean ___ contracture , hip capsule contracture , ____ Knee extension or hip pain

A

iliopsoas
decreased

80
Q

if someone has limited hip flexion during gaite it can be from ___ weakness , hamstring spasticity , ___ movement pattern, hip pain , compensatory for weak ___ ____ or a results of foot ___

A

HS
synergistic
hip extensors
drag

81
Q

during initial swing , if someone has limited hip flexors it will reduce what

A

step length

82
Q

limited hip flexion can also limit __ ___ during swing

A

knee flexion

83
Q

when is decreased hip flexion most impactful and what

A

during mid swing bc clearance of LE is needed

84
Q

if someone has IR hip deviations drug in gait it is also called ___ and it can be from contracture/spasticity of __ ___ , medial ___ spasticity, and ___ spasticity

A

anteversion
internal rotators
hamstring
adductor

85
Q

if someone has ER hip deviations during gait it is also called ___ and it can be because of __ ___ contracture , __ __ spasticity, compensation for ___ contracture or compensation for reference limb too long in ___

A

retroversion
external rotators
glute max
‘PF
swing

86
Q

if someone has adduction hip deviations during gait is can lead to ___ glute med weakness leading to ___ drop , it can be from comopesnaiotn for weak ___ ___ or it can be because of __ ___ ___

A

ipsilateral
contralateral
hip flexors
LLD

87
Q

if someone has an abduction hip deviations during gait is can be bc of a long ___ limb or ___ with pelvic obliquity

A

contra
scoliosis

88
Q

limited knee flexion in pre swing fails to prevent limb for __ and makes toe ___ tougher

A

swing
off

89
Q

limited knee flexion during initial swing lengthens the leg which results in what

A

toe drag

90
Q

hyperextension is also known as

A

genu rectinaculum

91
Q

if a patient has increase knee flexion deviation what does it lead to during loading response

A

excessive DF

92
Q

if a patient has increase knee flexion deviation what does it lead to during mid stance

A

excessive DF

93
Q

if a patient has increase knee flexion deviation what does it lead to during terminal stance

A

excessive DF

94
Q

if a patient has increase knee flexion deviation what does it lead to during mid swing

A

compensating for increased PF

95
Q

genu valgus knee deviation can be from ipsilateral ___ weakness and ___ trunk lean

A

abductor
ipsilateral

96
Q

foot flat contact during WA and IC can be from what 2 thing

A

weak quads
impairments resulting in excess knee flexion

97
Q

what muscle is weak with foot slap during WA and IC

A

weak ant tib (eccentrically)

98
Q

increased PF from ankle deviations will lead to lack of ___ control during which phase of gait

A

DF during terminal swing

99
Q

a patient may have a ___ trunk lead to compensate for decreased tibial progression

A

forward

100
Q

increased PF during Mid swing will lead to toe ___ and an increase in what

A

toe drag
increased hip and knee flexion

101
Q

during terminal stance , excessive PF doesn’t create a toe drag at this point (T/F)

A

T

102
Q

during weight acceptance there is ____ DF secondary to ____ KF

A

increase 2x

103
Q

if there is no feel off during SLS/ SLA then there can be a ___ calf , ___ MTP/TOE extension and genu ___

A

weak
decreased
recurvatum

104
Q

foot drag during SLA can be from what 2 things

A

decreased hip or knee flex
increased PF

105
Q

if there is an increased eversion of the ankle during SLA then what mm can be weka

A

anterior tib

106
Q

what would happen during excessive DF during IC

A

exaggerated heel rocker response

107
Q

excessive DF at pre swing will result in what to PF

A

loss of normal PF

movement science final!!!!! (9 decks)

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