Normal Facial Development

Question 1

what 2 types of ways are bone laid down in facial growth?

Answer 1

endochondreal

intramembranous

Question 2

in the skull, how do the bones join together?

Answer 2

by sutures - non moveable

and joints - TMJ - moveable

Question 3

how many fontanelles are in the clavarium and what do they allow?

Answer 3

6 fontanelles - allow compression of head at birth

Question 4

how is bone laid down in the clavarium?

Answer 4

by intramembranous ossification

Question 5

how does the clavrium grow?

Answer 5

fontanelles close and bone is laid down at the sutures and on the surface, grows as a whole in response to brain growth

Question 6

what is craniosynostosis?

Answer 6

premature fusing of the sutures in calvarium giving an abnormal shaped head

Question 7

how is the cranial base formed?

Answer 7

there are 2 main areas of cartiladge that lay down bone by endochondreal ossification

Question 8

what are the 3 sychondroses of the cranial base?

Answer 8

sphenooccipital fuses @ puberty
sphenoethmoidal fuses @ 7yrs
intersphenoid

Question 9

what is the nasomaxillary complex made up of?

Answer 9

maxilla
nasal septum
zygomatic bones

Question 10

how does the nasomaxillary complex grow?

Answer 10

intramembranous ossification at sutures and surface remodelling

Question 11

what way does the nasomaxillary complex move during growth?

Answer 11

forward and down as cranial base grows

Question 12

how does the mandible form?

Answer 12

endochondreal activity at the condyle

periosteal activity and surface remodelling

Question 13

when is facial growth complete for girls?boys?

Answer 13

16-17yrs

17-19yrs

Question 14

at what age can there be late growth of the mandible?

Answer 14

20yrs

Question 15

what soft tissues can influence the position of the dental arches?

Answer 15

lips
tongue
cheeks

Question 16

what are the soft tissues used for at birth?

Answer 16

suckling and maintaining airway

Question 17

lips/tongue and cheek can guide what?

what is their growth co ordinated with?

Answer 17

guide teeth into eruption

co ordinated with bone growth

Question 18

@ birth, how is the mouth designed for suckling?

Answer 18

gum pads

edentulous

Question 19

when does tooth eruption begin?

Answer 19

6months

Question 20

when is the deciduous dentition complete by?

Answer 20

age 3

Question 21

when are deciduous roots complete?

Answer 21

18months after eruption

Question 22

when does the deciduous dentition calcify?

Answer 22

in utero

Question 23

when do the deciduous dentition begin to exfoliate?

Answer 23

6 years

Question 24

when is the permanent dentition complete by - excluding 8’s?

Answer 24

13years

Question 25

when are the permanent teeth roots completed?

Answer 25

3 years after eruption

Question 26

what is leeway space?

Answer 26

the space left for perm successors because deciduous teeth are wider

Question 27

at what point do teeth stop erupting?

Answer 27

when occlusion is met

Question 28

what is the relationship of teeth affected by?

Answer 28

the underlying position of the maxilla and mandible

Question 29

what class tends to be worse in males?

Answer 29

class III

Question 30

why does incisor crowding occur in early 20’s/late teens?

Answer 30

late growth of mandible and general mesial migration of all teeth