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Diagnosis Management 2 > Normal Development > Flashcards

Normal Development Flashcards

1
Q

time frame for prenatal

A

conception - 8 weeks

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2
Q

time frame for fetal

A

8 weeks - birth

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3
Q

timeframe for infancy

A

birth - 15 months

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4
Q

time frame for toddler

A

15 months - 2.5 years

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5
Q

time frame for preschool

A

2.5 years - 6 years

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6
Q

time frame for middle childhood

A

6 - 12 years

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7
Q

when is fetal movement typically detected

A

16-20 weeks

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8
Q

what is pruning

A

programmed cell death during the development of neurons, synapses, axons, and other brain structures

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9
Q

why does pruning occur

A

to eliminate cells that served their purpose in the development of the brain

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10
Q

what are some common drugs with teratogenic effects

A

antibiotics
anticonvulsants
progesterone-estrogens
lithium
warfarin

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11
Q

what makes an infant premature

A

birth before 34 weeks
OR weigh less than 5.5lbs

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12
Q

when is a baby considered postmature

A

2weeks after due date

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13
Q

when do infants start to vocalize (other than crying)

A

approximately 8 weeks

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14
Q

endogenous smiling

A

occurs spontaneously for first 2 months unrelated to stimuli

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15
Q

when does exogenous smiling begin

A

approximately 16 weeks

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16
Q

what happens when infant is separated from the mother for a prolonged period during the second 6 months of life

A

can develop depression that can persist into adulthood

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17
Q

what are the 3 attachment styles

A

secure attachment
insecure/avoidant attachment
insecure/ambivalent attachment

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18
Q

insecure/avoidant attachment

A

-anxious, clingy and angry with parent
-typically parents are also insecurely attached

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19
Q

insecure/ambivalent attachment

A

-raised by disorganized, neglecting, and inattentive parents
-more likely to be inconsolable in distress
-more likely to suffer mood swings, act out, and be oversensitive to stress

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20
Q

when is stranger anxiety considered normal

A

expected around 26 weeks

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21
Q

language and cognitive development in toddlers

A

-begin to listen to explanations that help them tolerate delay
-create new behaviors from old ones
-varied capacities for concentration and self-regulation

22
Q

emotional and social development of toddlers

A

-differentiation of pleasure/displeasure
-look to others for how they should respond
-exploratory excitement
-organized demo of love and protest

23
Q

sexual development of the toddler

A

-assume culturally appropriate behaviors for gender
-gender identity emerges

24
Q

typical time frame for toilet training

A

usually complete by 2/5
nighttime control by 4

25
Q

primary socialization goals that are met by the end of the preschool stage

A

-language expands/uses sentences
-egocentric thinking (no empathy)
-thinks intuitively (does not understand causal relationships)

26
Q

type of play expected for 2 1/2 - 3 year olds

A

parallel play

27
Q

Type of play expected for 3-year-olds

A

begins to become associative

28
Q

type of play expected for 4-year-olds

A

cooperative play

29
Q

what ages are considered the middle years

A

between 6 and puberty

30
Q

how does thinking change during the middle years

A

becomes organized and logical and becomes abstract by the end of the stage

31
Q

when does empathy develop

A

around 9 or 10

32
Q

what does the absence of a best friend through the middle years possibly mean

A

may be an early sign of impending schizophrenia

33
Q

consequences of authoritarian parenting (strict inflexible rules)

A

can cause low self-esteem, unhappiness, and social withdrawal

34
Q

what is indulgent-permissive parenting

A

little limit setting coupled with unpredictable harshness

35
Q

consequences of indulgent-permissive parenting

A

low self-reliance, poor impulse control, and aggression

36
Q

what is indulgent-neglectful parenting

A

noninvolvement in child’s life

37
Q

consequences of indulgent-neglectful parenting

A

low self-esteem, impaired self-control, increased aggression

38
Q

what is authoritative-reciprocal parenting

A

firm rules and shared decision making in a loving environment

39
Q

consequences of authoratative-reciprocal parenting

A

self-reliance, self-esteem, and social responsibility

40
Q

ego identity in adolescence

A

integration of past experiences with current changes takes place

41
Q

what is moratorium

A

interim period between concrete thinking of childhood and more evolved complex ethical development

42
Q

ages considered early adolescence

A

12-14-

43
Q

when do the most striking changes physically, attitudinally, and behaviorally take place

A

early adolescence (between 12-14)

44
Q

what is considered middle adolescence

A

14-16

45
Q

first signs of puberty

A

increase in height and weight

46
Q

Kohlberg’s pre-conventional morality

A

determining factors are punishment and obedience to parents

47
Q

Kohlberg’s conventional role conformity

A

children try to conform to gain approval and maintain relationships

48
Q

Kohlberg’s morality of self-accepted moral principles

A

comply with rules based on ethical principles and makes exceptions when necessary

49
Q

What are the most important factors of self-esteem in adolescents

A

perception of attractiveness
high value to family/peers

50
Q

what is the most strongly associated factor for violence

A

growing up in a fatherless household

Diagnosis Management 2 (8 decks)

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