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Diagnosis Management 2 > Motor disorders > Flashcards

Motor disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is comorbid with developmental coordination disorder about 50% of the time

A

ADHD
specific learning disorder
language disorder

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2
Q

what are the 3 areas of deficit that contribute to developmental coordination disorder

A

-poor predictive control of motor movements
-deficit in rhythmic coordination and timing
-deficits in executive function

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3
Q

what areas of executive function are deficient in developmental coordination disorder

A

working memory
inhibition
attention

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4
Q

what might you find in the developmental history of a child with developmental coordination disorder

A

delays in achieving milestones like crawling, walking, sitting, etc

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5
Q

what is dx of developmental coordination disorder based on

A

hx of delay in achieving milestones and observation of deficits in coordination

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6
Q

what are 3 specialized tests of motor coordination

A

-bender visual motor gestalt test
-frosting movement skills test battery
-Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor evelopment

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7
Q

3 broad categories of interventions to treat developmental coordination disorder

A

-deficit oriented approaches
-task specific interventions
-motor imagery

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8
Q

what are 3 deficit-oriented approaches to the treatment of developmental coordination disorder

A

-sensory integration therapy
-sensorimotor-oriented tx
-process-oriented tx

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9
Q

what are 2 task specific intervention for the treatment of developmental coordination disorder

A

-neuromotor task training
-cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance

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10
Q

what is the purpose of parental counseling in the treatment of developmental coordination disorder

A

-reduce anxiety/guilt
-increase awareness
-facilitate coping skills

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11
Q

risk factors for developmental coordination disorder

A

-prematurity
-hypoxia
-low birth weight
-perinatal malnutrition
-prenatal exposure to drugs/alcohol

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12
Q

what part of the brain plays a vital role in motor coordination

A

cerebellum

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13
Q

what are stereotypic movements

A

repetitive motor behaviors emerging in early childhood that appear to lack a clear function and may disrupt daily life

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14
Q

characteristics of stereotypic movements in relation to behavior

A

-may be self-soothing, self-stimulating, or self-mutilating
-appear involuntary

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15
Q

are stereotypic movements involuntary

A

no. they can be suppressed with concetrated mental effort

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16
Q

what is the difference between stereotypic movements and tics

A

-stereotypic movements manifest sooner and lack a premonitory urge
-tics tend to be shorter duration and less rhythmic
-stereotypies are soothing while tics are disruptive

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17
Q

what are 2 typical types of stereotypic movements seen in stereotypic movement disorder

A

head banging
nail biting

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18
Q

what are the most effective treatments for stereotypic movement disorder in the absence of comorbidities

A

behavioral treatments such as habit reversal training and differential reinforcement of other behaviors

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19
Q

what is included in medication management of stereotypic movement disorder if needed

A

-some effect with antipsychotics
-SSRIs may help self-injurious stereotypies

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20
Q

what region of the brain and neurotransmitters are hypothesized to be associated with stereotypic movement disorder

A

origin in the basal ganglia and involving dopamine and serotonin

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21
Q

manifestation of tics

A

usually between 5-6 with highest severity between 10-12

22
Q

what part of the brain is though to be dysfunctioning in tics

A

basal ganglia (particularly involving dopaminergic transmission in the CSTC)

23
Q

definition of tic

A

repetitive muscle contraction that leads to involuntary movement or vocalization

24
Q

what are the 2 types of tics

A

motor
vocal

25
Q

examples of simple motor tics

A

eye blinking
head jerking
grimacing

26
Q

examples of complicated motor tics

A

grooming
smelling objects
jumping
touching
echopraxia
copropraxia

27
Q

What differentiates a tic from a stereotypy

A

stereotypies are voluntary and often provide comfort while tics are involuntary and associated with distress

28
Q

what is copropraxia

A

obscene gestures

29
Q

what are common simple vocal tics

A

throat clearing
grunting
snorting
coughing
barking

30
Q

examples of complex vocal tics

A

-repeating words/phrases out of context
-coprolalia
-palilalia
-echolalia

31
Q

coprolalia

A

obscenities

32
Q

palilalia

A

repeating your own words

33
Q

echolalia

A

repeating others words

34
Q

how long must tics persist for dx of Tourettes disorder

A

at least 1 year with onset prior to 18

35
Q

2 disorders highly associated with Tourette’s

A

ADHD
OCD

36
Q

diagnostic tools for tics/Tourette’s

A

-tic symptom self-report
-yale global tic severity scale
-premonitory urge for tics scale

37
Q

what age range is the premonitory urge for tics scale (PUTS) appropriate for

A

children older than 10

38
Q

what type of tics are required for dx of Tourette’s

A

both vocal and motor tics

39
Q

what are some topics for psychoeducation with Tourette’s

A

variability of tics
history of disorder
stress reduction interventions

40
Q

what are some EBP behavioral interventions for Tourette’s

A

habit reversal
exposure and response prevention

41
Q

components of habit reversal

A

awareness training
competing response training

42
Q

how does exposure and response prevention work with Tourette’s

A

patient voluntarily suppresses tics for longer and longer to break the association between urge and tic

43
Q

main drug class options for the tx of Tourette’s when meds are needed

A

-antipsychotics
-noradrenergic agents

44
Q

what is the most well studying atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of tics

A

risperidone

45
Q

what are the most well studied typical antipsychotics for treating tics

A

haldol
pimozide

46
Q

what noradrenergic agents are used to treat tics

A

clonidine
guanfacine
atomoxetine

47
Q

alternative medications that are sometimes used for the treatment of tics

A

tetrabenazine
topiramate
tetrahydrocannabinol

48
Q

main difference between Tourette’s and persistent motor/vocal tic disorder

A

Tourette’s requires both types of tics while persistent motor/vocal tic disorder only requires one or the other

49
Q

how long must tics persist to qualify for dx of persistent motor/vocal tic disorder

A

at least 1 year

50
Q

treatment for persistent motor/vocal tic disorder

A

behavioral interventions
in severe cases medication may be necessary

Diagnosis Management 2 (8 decks)

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