Normal characteristics of Urine

Question 1

What is the regular liter of urine per 24 hrs? There is regular considerable variation in what type of volume?

Answer 1

One to 2 liters per 24 hours; considerable variation in normal volume

Question 2

What is the regular color of urine? When does color turn darker?

Answer 2

Yellow or amber color: urine color is darker in concentrated urine

Question 3

Turbidity is transparent in what type of urine? When does it turn cloudy? What also causes cloudiness?

Answer 3

freshly voided urine: will turn cloudy after standing; microbes, pus, epithelial cells, or crystals may cause cloudiness in fresh urine

Question 4

Odor is aromatic when___: When does it smell ammonia-like and why?

Answer 4

fresh
- ammonia-like after standing because of breakdown of urea to ammonia by bacteria

Question 5

What is the normal pH range of urine? What is the average? What do high-protein diets produce? What about vegetarian diets?

Answer 5

Normal- 4.6-8.0
Average- 6.0
High protein- acidic urine
Vegetarian diets- alkaline urine

Question 6

What is the normal specific gravity range ? What does low specific gravity represent? What about higher values?

Answer 6

Normal range- 1.001-1.035.
Low specific gravity represents dilute urine
Higher values represent- a concentrated urine