Abnormal constituents of urine

Question 1

Glucosuria (glucose in urine) is caused by____ and sometimes_____. High levels of___

Answer 1

• diabetes mellitus but sometimes may be caused by stress (epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown);
• high levels of glucose in filtrate

Question 2

Hematuria (erythrocytes in urine) is caused by

Answer 2

• inflammation of urinary organs
  -irritaion by kidney stones
  kidney disease
  trauma of urinary system organs or polyps or tumors within the urinary system

Question 3

Pyuria (white blood cells in urine) is caused by

Answer 3

an infection in the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, or urethra

Question 4

Albuminuria (excess albumin in urine) results from an increase in filtration membrane permeability caused by

Is this normal?

Answer 4

high blood pressure, kidney trauma, disease, or inflammation; trace amounts of albumin in urine is normal

Question 5

Ketonuria(ketone bodies in urine) is caused by

Answer 5

• metabolic condition called ketosis

-ketosis occurs when cells do not have enough glucose tocompletely break down fatty acids.

-ketosis can occur from startvation, low carb diets or untreated diabete mellitus

Question 6

Ketonuria- ketosis occurs when cells do not have enough ____to completely break down_____.
Ketosis can also occur from (3 things)

Answer 6

-cells do not have enough glucose tocompletely break down fatty acids.

-ketosis can occur from startvation, low carb diets or untreated diabete mellitus

Question 7

Casts( hardened clumps of material formed by protein precipitation and/or cell agglutination in renal tubules)- What do the following conditions result in cast formation____,______urine,_______urine

Answer 7

• Results in cast formation
• albuminuria, abnormally acidic urine, and highly concentrated urine

Question 8

Calculi or kidney stone (insoluble salt crystals)- Where does calculi form? Some cause of calculi are?

Answer 8

• Anywhere within kidney tubukes, ureters, urinary bladder, o urethra can cause considerable pain as they pass through the lumens of urinary system organs.
• Some causes of calculi are dehydration and ingesting too much of the salts that form calculi

Question 9

Urinary tract infection (microbes) are causes of presence of

Answer 9

• bacteria or other microorganusms indicate the prescence of urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 10

Normal urine is

Answer 10

sterile (no microrganisms present)

Question 11

(UTI) Microbes present on the skin surrounding the external urethral orifice may contaminate

Answer 11

the urine sample if the urine sample is not carefully obtained.