Normal and abnormal findings head and neck Flashcards
What are normal findings for the skull?
A: Normocephalic, smooth, symmetrical, no tenderness.
What are abnormal findings for the skull?
A: Microcephaly, macrocephaly, lumps, deformities.
Q: What are normal findings for the temporal artery?
A: Smooth, no tenderness.
Q: What are abnormal findings for the temporal artery?
A: Temporal arteritis: Hardened, tender, tortuous artery.
Q: What are normal findings for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
A: Smooth movement, no crepitation or tenderness
Q: What are abnormal findings for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
A: Crepitation, limited ROM, tenderness.
Q: What are normal findings for the face?
A: Symmetrical features, appropriate expression, no swelling or involuntary movements.
Q: What are abnormal findings for the face?
A: Asymmetry (e.g., Bell’s Palsy, stroke), edema, tics, coarse features, exophthalmos, facial pallor, or erythema.
Q: What are normal findings for neck symmetry?
A: Symmetry of neck structures
Q: What are abnormal findings for neck symmetry?
A: Head tilt, muscle spasm, masses, or goiter.
Q: What are normal findings for neck ROM?
A: Smooth, controlled ROM.
Q: What are abnormal findings for neck ROM?
A: Pain, limited ROM, or rigidity (e.g., arthritis, torticollis).
Q: What are normal findings for lymph nodes?
A: Not palpable or soft, movable, nontender, and discrete if palpable.
Q: What are abnormal findings for lymph nodes?
A: Lymphadenopathy (>1 cm): Tender, hard, fixed, or clumped node
Q: What are normal findings for the thyroid gland?
A: Not visible or palpable; moves symmetrically with swallowing.
Q: What are abnormal findings for the thyroid gland?
A: Goiter, nodules, bruit, or asymmetrical enlargement.
Q: What are normal findings for the trachea?
A: Midline position.
Q: What are abnormal findings for the trachea?
A: Tracheal shift: Pushed to unaffected side (e.g., pneumothorax) or pulled to affected side (e.g., fibrosis).
Q: What are common abnormal findings for primary headaches?
Tension: Band-like tightness, mild to moderate pain.
Migraine: Throbbing, unilateral, photophobia, nausea.
Cluster: Severe, stabbing, unilateral pain with nasal congestion or watery eyes.
Q: What are facial abnormalities associated with Parkinson’s syndrome?
A: Mask-like face, staring gaze.
Q: What are facial abnormalities associated with Cushing’s syndrome?
A: Rounded face, red cheeks, hirsutism.
Q: What are facial abnormalities associated with Bell’s Palsy?
A: Complete unilateral facial paralysis.
Q: What are facial abnormalities associated with a stroke?
A: Lower facial paralysis, upper half unaffected.
Q: What are signs of hyperthyroidism?
A: Goiter, exophthalmos, tachycardia, weight loss.
Q: What are signs of hypothyroidism?
A: Puffy face, coarse hair, periorbital edema.
Q: What are common types of abnormal dizziness?
Presyncope: Feeling faint.
Vertigo: Spinning sensation.
Disequilibrium: Instability.
Q: What are abnormal findings for neck pain?
A: Acute stiffness with fever (e.g., meningitis), radiating pain (e.g., nerve compression), or stress-related tension.
Q: What are abnormal findings related to trauma history?
A: Persistent headache, vomiting, or changes in consciousness (e.g., concussion).
