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Module 4-5 > Normal and abnormal findings eyes > Flashcards

Normal and abnormal findings eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Q: What are normal vision findings?

A

A: Clear, sharp vision.

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2
Q

Q: What are abnormal vision findings?

A

A: Decreased acuity: Blurring, clouding, “greyness” (e.g., cataracts).

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3
Q

Q: What is a common abnormal finding related to floaters?

A

A: Floaters: Common with myopia, sudden onset with retinal detachment.

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4
Q

Q: What condition is associated with halos around lights?

A

A: Halos: Associated with acute narrow-angle glaucoma.

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5
Q

Q: What is a scotoma?

A

A: A blind spot surrounded by normal vision (e.g., glaucoma).

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6
Q

Q: What are normal findings for night vision?

A

A: Good night vision.

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7
Q

Q: What are causes of night blindness?

A

A: Associated with optic atrophy, glaucoma, or vitamin A deficiency.

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8
Q

Q: What are normal findings regarding eye pain?

A

A: No pain or photophobia.

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9
Q

Q: What is photophobia?

A

A: Light sensitivity

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10
Q

Q: What does sharp eye pain indicate?

A

A: Could indicate acute glaucoma or a foreign body.

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11
Q

Q: What could deep aching eye pain indicate?

A

A: May indicate orbital cellulitis or other inflammatory conditions.

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12
Q

Q: What are normal findings for eye alignment?

A

A: Eyes aligned and moving symmetrically.

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13
Q

Q: What is strabismus?

A

A: Deviation of eye alignment.

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14
Q

Q: What is diplopia?

A

A: Double vision, constant or intermittent.

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15
Q

Q: What are normal findings for conjunctiva and sclera?

A

A: Clear conjunctiva and sclera, no redness or swelling.

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16
Q

Q: What conditions cause eye redness?

A

A: Conjunctivitis, iritis, acute glaucoma.

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17
Q

Q: What conditions cause eye swelling?

A

A: Dacryoadenitis, styes, or lacrimal duct obstruction.

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18
Q

Q: What are normal findings for watering and discharge?

A

A: No excessive tearing or discharge

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19
Q

Q: What causes excessive tearing?

A

A: Irritants or tear drainage obstruction.

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20
Q

Q: What condition is indicated by purulent discharge?

A

A: Bacterial conjunctivitis.

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21
Q

Q: What is a normal ocular history?

A

A: No history of trauma, surgery, or allergies.

22
Q

Q: What is the risk of eye trauma?

A

A: Risk of long-term damage.

23
Q

Q: What ocular symptoms can allergies cause?

A

A: Irritation or conjunctival redness

24
Q

Q: What are normal findings regarding glaucoma history?

A

A: No history or family history of glaucoma.

25
Q

Q: What does increased intraocular pressure lead to?

A

A: Peripheral vision loss.

26
Q

Q: What are normal findings for glasses or contacts?

A

A: Function well; properly maintained.

27
Q

Q: What issues can arise from poor contact lens hygiene?

A

A: May cause infectio

28
Q

Q: What are normal eye self-care behaviors?

A

A: Regular vision tests; appropriate eye protection.

29
Q

Q: What does lack of protective eyewear increase the risk of?

A

A: Trauma.

30
Q

Q: What is a normal finding regarding eye medications?

A

A: No medications causing ocular side effects.

31
Q

Q: What ocular side effects can prednisone cause?

A

A: Cataracts or increased intraocular pressure.

32
Q

Q: What are normal findings for external eye structures?

A

A: Eyebrows symmetrical, lashes evenly distributed, eyelids close completely.

33
Q

Q: What is ptosis?

A

A: Drooping of the eyelid

34
Q

Q: What are entropion and ectropion?

A

A: Inward or outward rolling of the eyelid.

35
Q

Q: What are normal findings for the conjunctiva and sclera?

A

A: Conjunctiva clear, sclera white or grey-blue in dark-skinned individuals

36
Q

Q: What is conjunctivitis?

A

A: “Pink eye,” infection causing redness and irritation.

37
Q

Q: What does yellow sclera indicate?

A

A: Jaundice.

38
Q

Q: What is PERRLA?

A

A: Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.

39
Q

Q: What does anisocoria indicate?

A

A: Unequal pupil size, possibly due to CNS injury

40
Q

Q: What does miosis indicate?

A

A: Constricted pupils (e.g., narcotics, iritis).

41
Q

Q: What does mydriasis indicate?

A

A: Dilated pupils (e.g., CNS injury, acute glaucoma).

42
Q

Q: What are normal findings for the optic disc?

A

A: Creamy yellow-pink; margins distinct.

43
Q

Q: What does papilledema (optic disc swelling) indicate?

A

A: Blurred margins, increased intracranial pressure.

44
Q

Q: What are normal findings for retinal vessels?

A

A: Normal pairing and calibre.

45
Q

Q: What condition is arteriovenous nicking associated with?

A

A: Hypertension.

46
Q

Q: What condition are microaneurysms associated with?

A

A: Diabetic retinopathy.

47
Q

Q: What are normal findings for the macula?

A

A: Even color; foveal reflex visible.

48
Q

Q: What do hemorrhages or exudates in the macula indicate?

A

A: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or trauma.

49
Q

Q: What are cataracts?

A

A: Age-related lens opacity.

50
Q

Q: What is AMD?

A

A: Loss of central vision.

51
Q

Q: What is glaucoma?

A

A: Peripheral vision loss from increased intraocular pressure.

52
Q

Q: What is diabetic retinopathy

A

A: Microaneurysms and hemorrhages in the retina.

Module 4-5 (10 decks)

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