Normal and abnormal findings eyes Flashcards
Q: What are normal vision findings?
A: Clear, sharp vision.
Q: What are abnormal vision findings?
A: Decreased acuity: Blurring, clouding, “greyness” (e.g., cataracts).
Q: What is a common abnormal finding related to floaters?
A: Floaters: Common with myopia, sudden onset with retinal detachment.
Q: What condition is associated with halos around lights?
A: Halos: Associated with acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
Q: What is a scotoma?
A: A blind spot surrounded by normal vision (e.g., glaucoma).
Q: What are normal findings for night vision?
A: Good night vision.
Q: What are causes of night blindness?
A: Associated with optic atrophy, glaucoma, or vitamin A deficiency.
Q: What are normal findings regarding eye pain?
A: No pain or photophobia.
Q: What is photophobia?
A: Light sensitivity
Q: What does sharp eye pain indicate?
A: Could indicate acute glaucoma or a foreign body.
Q: What could deep aching eye pain indicate?
A: May indicate orbital cellulitis or other inflammatory conditions.
Q: What are normal findings for eye alignment?
A: Eyes aligned and moving symmetrically.
Q: What is strabismus?
A: Deviation of eye alignment.
Q: What is diplopia?
A: Double vision, constant or intermittent.
Q: What are normal findings for conjunctiva and sclera?
A: Clear conjunctiva and sclera, no redness or swelling.
Q: What conditions cause eye redness?
A: Conjunctivitis, iritis, acute glaucoma.
Q: What conditions cause eye swelling?
A: Dacryoadenitis, styes, or lacrimal duct obstruction.
Q: What are normal findings for watering and discharge?
A: No excessive tearing or discharge
Q: What causes excessive tearing?
A: Irritants or tear drainage obstruction.
Q: What condition is indicated by purulent discharge?
A: Bacterial conjunctivitis.
Q: What is a normal ocular history?
A: No history of trauma, surgery, or allergies.
Q: What is the risk of eye trauma?
A: Risk of long-term damage.
Q: What ocular symptoms can allergies cause?
A: Irritation or conjunctival redness
Q: What are normal findings regarding glaucoma history?
A: No history or family history of glaucoma.
Q: What does increased intraocular pressure lead to?
A: Peripheral vision loss.
Q: What are normal findings for glasses or contacts?
A: Function well; properly maintained.
Q: What issues can arise from poor contact lens hygiene?
A: May cause infectio
Q: What are normal eye self-care behaviors?
A: Regular vision tests; appropriate eye protection.
Q: What does lack of protective eyewear increase the risk of?
A: Trauma.
Q: What is a normal finding regarding eye medications?
A: No medications causing ocular side effects.
Q: What ocular side effects can prednisone cause?
A: Cataracts or increased intraocular pressure.
Q: What are normal findings for external eye structures?
A: Eyebrows symmetrical, lashes evenly distributed, eyelids close completely.
Q: What is ptosis?
A: Drooping of the eyelid
Q: What are entropion and ectropion?
A: Inward or outward rolling of the eyelid.
Q: What are normal findings for the conjunctiva and sclera?
A: Conjunctiva clear, sclera white or grey-blue in dark-skinned individuals
Q: What is conjunctivitis?
A: “Pink eye,” infection causing redness and irritation.
Q: What does yellow sclera indicate?
A: Jaundice.
Q: What is PERRLA?
A: Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.
Q: What does anisocoria indicate?
A: Unequal pupil size, possibly due to CNS injury
Q: What does miosis indicate?
A: Constricted pupils (e.g., narcotics, iritis).
Q: What does mydriasis indicate?
A: Dilated pupils (e.g., CNS injury, acute glaucoma).
Q: What are normal findings for the optic disc?
A: Creamy yellow-pink; margins distinct.
Q: What does papilledema (optic disc swelling) indicate?
A: Blurred margins, increased intracranial pressure.
Q: What are normal findings for retinal vessels?
A: Normal pairing and calibre.
Q: What condition is arteriovenous nicking associated with?
A: Hypertension.
Q: What condition are microaneurysms associated with?
A: Diabetic retinopathy.
Q: What are normal findings for the macula?
A: Even color; foveal reflex visible.
Q: What do hemorrhages or exudates in the macula indicate?
A: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or trauma.
Q: What are cataracts?
A: Age-related lens opacity.
Q: What is AMD?
A: Loss of central vision.
Q: What is glaucoma?
A: Peripheral vision loss from increased intraocular pressure.
Q: What is diabetic retinopathy
A: Microaneurysms and hemorrhages in the retina.
