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Module 5 Exam > Normal and Abnormal Facial Growth > Flashcards

Normal and Abnormal Facial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

how long does facial growth last?

A

until late teens to a small extent in adult hood

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2
Q

what 2 ways is bone laid down?

A

endochondral - within a cartilage
intramembranous - within a memebrane

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3
Q

how does bone remodel?

A

by laying down or resorption

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4
Q

how do bones connect to each other?

A

sutures (non movable)
except tmj (movable)

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5
Q

what structures make the face?

A

calvarium (skull)
cranial base
nasomaxillary complex
mandible

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6
Q

what type of ossification is calvarium?

A

intramembranous

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7
Q

how many fontanelles are there at birth?

A

6

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8
Q

when are all fontanelles closed by after birth?

A

18 months

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9
Q

why do fontanelles not close before birth?

A

allows compression of head at birth

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10
Q

where does bone formation and bone resorption take place?

A

bone formation - externally
bone resorption - internally

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11
Q

what type of ossification makes the cranial base?

A

endochondreal

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12
Q

what makes up the nasomaxillary complex?

A

maxilla, nasal septum and zygomatic bones

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13
Q

what type of ossification takes place to make the nasomaxillary complex?

A

intramembranous

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14
Q

what type of ossification takes place to form the mandible?

A

endochondreal

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15
Q

in females when is facial growth finished?

A

16 - 17 yrs

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16
Q

in males when is facial growth finished?

A

17-19 yrs

17
Q

what stage in life can the mandible have late growth?

A

early 20s

18
Q

why do teeth lie in a position of equilibrium?

A

due to forces being applied from lips, tongue, cheeks

19
Q

when does the first tooth in the deciduous dentition erupt?

A

6 mths

20
Q

when is the deciduous dentition usually complete?

A

age 3

21
Q

when is root formation in deciduous dentition complete?

A

18 mths post eruption

22
Q

when does calcification of the primary teeth happen?

A

in utero

23
Q

when do deciduous teeth start to exfoliate?

A

6 yrs

24
Q

when is root formation complete in the permanent dentition?

A

3 yrs after eruption

25
Q

when is the permanent dentition usually complete?

A

13 yrs old apart from the 8s

26
Q

why are anterior permanent teeth bigger?

A

they erupt into a bigger arch
there was spacing in the deciduous dentition
growth of the jaw

27
Q

what is the leeway space?

A

difference between the sum of the mesiodistal crown widths of the primary canines and molars and that of their successors, the permanent canines and premolars

28
Q

at what age is late crowding in the lower incisors found?

A

late teens/early 20s - due to late growth of the mandible and general mesial migration of teeth

29
Q

what is craniosynotosis?

A

premature fusing of stures on calvarium - creates abnormal shaped head

30
Q

what is an example of an abnormality in growth of nasomaxillary complex and oral musculature?

A

cleft lip and palate

31
Q

what is the LAHSHAL system?

A

describes site, size, extent and type of cleft
L - lip
A - alveolus
H - hard palate
S - soft palate
H
A
L

32
Q

when is cleft palate/lip often diagnosed?

A

ultrasound around 20 wks of pregnancy

33
Q

what are the dental problems with cleft?

A

hypodontia
supernumerary teeth
ectopic teeth
hypoplastic teeth
malformed teeth
high caries rate
natal teeth

34
Q

what is the management and prevention for cleft

A

regular check ups
OHI
diet advice
fluoride application - duraphat varnish, mouthwash, toothpaste (duraphat)
alveolar bone grafting
definitive orthodontics and alignment
distraction osteogensis

35
Q

what is the purpose of alveolar bone grafting?

A

facilitates eruption of the teeth and support teeth on either side of cleft site
improves aesthetics

Module 5 Exam (14 decks)

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