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Module 5 Exam > Childhood Diseases > Flashcards

Childhood Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What causes chickenpox?

A

varicella-zoster (herpes-zoster) virus

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2
Q

what is the incubation period for chickenpox?

A

14-21 days

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3
Q

how does chickenpox spread?

A

by droplets and the airborne route

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4
Q

what are the clinical features of chickenpox?

A

ulcers
rash - papules, vesicles, pestules, scabs
cervical lymphadenitis
fever
malaise, irritability, unable to eat

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5
Q

how long is the recovery period for chickenpox?

A

2-3 weeks

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6
Q

the chickenpox virus stays in your body once you’ve had it, where does it stay?

A

It lives dormant in the trigeminal ganglion

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7
Q

If the viarcella-zoster virus is reactivated what disease can be caught?

A

shingles

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8
Q

what nerve can shingles affect in the long term?

A

trigeminal -as virus travels down this nerve

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9
Q

what are the clinical symptoms of shingles?

A

unilateral symptoms that present on same side that nerve was effected
pain
rash
mouth ulcers
ramsay hunt syndrome (rarely)

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10
Q

why is shingles more painful than chickenpox?

A

as it involves nerves

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11
Q

what is the treatment for shingles?

A

analgesics and aciclovir
(doesn’t treat but prevents long term neuralgia)

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12
Q

what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

oral disease caused by herpes simplex 1 virus, whereas herpes simplex 2 is associated with genital herpes

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13
Q

what are the features of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

fever
malaise
cervical lymphadenopathy
painful, erythematous and swollen gingiva
multiple tiny vesicles on the perioral skin, vermillion border of lips and oral mucosa

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14
Q

when is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis most common?

A

between 6mths and 6 yrs old - often mistaken for teething

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15
Q

where does primary herpetic gingivostamatitis live in the body?

A

trigeminal ganglion - may come back

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16
Q

what is an obvious clinical sign you have been exposed to the primary herpetic gingivostomatitis virus?

A

cold sores

17
Q

when do primary herpetic gingivostomatitis lesions heal?

A

spontaneous healing - 1-2 wks

18
Q

what are the complications of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

recurrent secondary infections
herpes labialis
intra-oral ulceration
herpetic whitlow
eye infection

19
Q

what is hand foot and mouth disease caused by?

A

coxackie ‘a” virus

20
Q

when does hand foot and mouth disease usually occur?

A

in epidemics in children <5 yrs old

21
Q

what are the symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease?

A

multiple macules and paules on feet, toes, hands and fingers
vesicles and ulcers

22
Q

how long do hand foot and mouth lesions typically take to resolve?

A

within 2 weeks

23
Q

what are mumps?

A

viral infection of salivary glands caused by the mumps virus

24
Q

why are mumps rarely seen now a days?

A

due to the MMR (mumps, measles and rubella) vaccine

25
Q

what is the incubation period for mumps?

A

14-21 days

26
Q

what salivary gland is most commonly affected?

A

bilateral swelling of parotid gland

27
Q

what is measles?

A

a highly contagious acute viral respiratory illness

28
Q

what is the incubation period for measles?

A

10-14 days

29
Q

what are the symptoms of measles?

A

koplick’s spots - on buccal mucosa at area of back molars (often seen on elders who have had measles)
small red macules with white necrotic centres

30
Q

what is rubella?

A

contagious viral infection, milder than measles

31
Q

how is rubella spread?

A

droplets

32
Q

what is the incubation period for rubella ?

A

14-21 days

33
Q

what are the symptoms of rubella?

A

rash on face, behind ears, mild fever, sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes

34
Q

what is herpangina caused by?

A

coxsackie ‘a’ virus

35
Q

what is the herpangina virus characterised by?

A

vesicles sppearing on the soft palate along with fever, malaise, sore throat and difficulty in swallowing

36
Q

how long does it typically take for rubella to resolve?

A

a week

37
Q

what is febrile illness?

A

an illness that causes high temperature

38
Q

what oral disorder can febrile illness cause?

A

enamel hypoplasia

39
Q

what are examples of febrile illnesses that can cause enamel hypoplasia?

A

measles and chickenpox

Module 5 Exam (14 decks)

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