Normal/Abnormal Cavity Development - Severson

Question 1

What body cavities develop from the intraembryonic coelom?

Answer 1

1. Pericardial cavity
2. Pleural cavity
3. Peritoneal cavity

Question 2

What part of the lateral plate mesoderm forms the parietal layer of the serous cavity?

Answer 2

Somatic mesoderm

Question 3

What part of the lateral plate mesoderm forms the visceral layer of the serous cavity?

Answer 3

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 4

What developmental malformation do ectopia cordis, congenital umbilical hernia, gastroschisis, and exstrophy of the bladder have in common?

Answer 4

Lateral folding errors

Question 5

How does the primitive pericardial cavity reach the cardiac region of the thorax?

Answer 5

Cephalic-caudal folding

Question 6

What are the pericardioperitoneal canals?

Answer 6

two tubes that connect the pericardial and peritoneal cavities on each side of the foregut

***becomes the Pleural Cavity

Question 7

What is the function of the dorsal mesentary?

Answer 7

• Carry motor branches of the Phrenic Nerve
• Form two muscular bands = R/L crura of the diaphragm

Question 8

What is the purpose of the pleuropericardial membranes?

Answer 8

• Divide the thoracic cavity into a Pericardial cavity and two Pleural cavities
  
  • by fusing with eachother at the root of the lungs
• Contain the Common Cardinal Veins and the Phrenic nerves
• Forms the Fibrous pericardium

Question 9

What is the purpose of the pleuroperitoneal membranes?

Answer 9

• Close the caudal end of the pericardioperitoneal canal
  
  • Separate the Pleural cavities from the Peritoneal cavity

Question 10

What adult structure do the pleuropericardial membranes form?

Answer 10

Fibrous Pericardium

Question 11

What are the four developmental components that contribute to the diaphragm?

Answer 11

1. Transverse septum
2. Pleuroperitoneal membranes
3. Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
4. Lateral and dorsal body walls

Question 12

What cervical nerves innervate the major muscle mass of the diaphragm?

Answer 12

Cervical Nerves 3, 4, and 5

(become phrenic nerve)

Question 13

What nerves contribute to the sensory innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 13

• Sensory fibers of the Phrenic nerve supply all of the diaphragm
  
  • EXCEPT: the costal margin, which receives sensory innervation from lower intercostal nerves

Question 14

Why is the Phrenic Nerve associated with the fibrous pericardium in the adult?

Answer 14

The Phrenic Nerve passes through the Pleuropericardial Fold which later becomes the Fibrous Pericardium.

Question 15

What fails to occur when a congenital diaphragmatic hernia develops?

Answer 15

Fusion of the Pleuroperitoneal membranes with the other diaphragmatic components

Question 16

Why may polyhydramnios be present with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 16

***

(polyhydramnios = excess amniotic fluid)

Question 17

Why does herniation of abdominal viscera usually occur on the left side?

Answer 17

Defect is usually unilateral and on the left side because the left Pericardioperitoneal canal is larger than the right and closes later.

Question 18

What happens to the thoracic viscera with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 18

displaced to the right

Question 19

What is the difference between a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and eventration of diaphragm?

Answer 19

• CDH - diaphragm does not completely fuse/form
• Eventration - diaphragm fuses completely, but half of diaphragm has defective musculature

Question 20

Where do congenital esophageal hiatal and retrosternal hernias occur?

Answer 20

• Hiatal
  
  • herniation of stomach through esophageal hiatus
• Retrosternal
  
  • herniation between sternum/ribs and the diaphragm