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Midwifery > Nord Questions > Flashcards

Nord Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correct sequence of complexity within an organism, going from smallest complexity to largest?

A

Chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - body system - organism

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2
Q

True or false

The peritoneum only covers the organs in the pelvic cavity

A

False

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3
Q

True or false

The basic building blocks for making proteins are monosaccharides

A

False

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4
Q

An atom consists of a nucleus which contains positively charged….

A

Protons

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5
Q

The nucleus contains neutrons which are….

A

Uncharged

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6
Q

What subatomic particle circles around the nucleus

A

Electrons

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7
Q

How are electrons charged?

A

Negatively

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8
Q

The number of positively and negatively charged particles is usually equal so each atom is electrically….

A

Neutral

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9
Q

What is the process whereby the body maintains a stable internal environment?

A

Homeostasis

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10
Q

When body temperature rises, a centre in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of…

A

Negative feedback

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11
Q

What is the division of the autonomic nervous system that maintains homeostasis during resting conditions?

A

The parasympathetic division

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12
Q

How does a calcium atom become an ion?

A

It gives up two electrons to another ion

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13
Q

What sort of chemical bond joins hydrogen and oxygen together to form water?

A

Covalent

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14
Q

What does connective tissue consist of?

A

Cells and an extra-cellular matrix of fibres and ground substance

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15
Q

In the human body, cell membranes are…

A

Perforated by large proteins which help transport some substances into or out of the cell

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16
Q

If the extra-cellular fluid contains a greater concentration of solutes, then the extra-cellular fluid is said to be….

A

Hypertonic

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17
Q

Which organelles are ‘paralysed’ by nicotine during smoking?

A

Cilia

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18
Q

What is the process called by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied to RNA?

A

Transcription

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19
Q

What is the stage in mitosis where the sister chromatids separates called?

A

Anaphase

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20
Q

What event occurs in meiosis, but not in mitosis

A

Pairing of the homologous chromosomes

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21
Q

Mary has a brother with Haemophilia A, a recessive, X-linked genetic disease. Her parents are not affected by the disease. What is the chance that Mary is a carrier of the disease mutation?

A

50%

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22
Q

During the menstrual cycle, the repair and regrow the of the endometrium is stimulated by rising levels of which hormone?

A

Oestrogen

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23
Q

True or false

The posterior fonix is part of the uterus?

A

False

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24
Q

True or false?

The ovaries are the site of follicle development and the release of oestrogen and progesterone?

A

True

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25
Q

The pelvic brim is made smaller by the…

A

Sacral promentary

26
Q

What do the deep muscles of the pelvic floor cause compression of?

A

The urethra, vagina and rectum

27
Q

What does the cervical mucosa undergo during pregnancy

A

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia

28
Q

What structures help to form the outlet of the pelvis?

A

The lower border of the symphysis pubis, the ischial spines, the sacro-spinous ligaments and the lower border of the sacrum

29
Q

What organism can replicate its DNA inside the host’s cells?

A

Virus

30
Q

True or false
During the activation phase of pregnancy, oestrogen is dominant, so more gap junctions develop and the uterus becomes more active

A

True

31
Q

What is an infection defined by?

A

Successful colonisation and multiplication in a body part or tissue, by a microbe capable of causing disease in that tissue

32
Q

What type of blood does the umbilical vein carry?

A

Oxygenated blood from the placenta towards the fetus

33
Q

What is the maternal surface of the placenta divided into?

A

Elevated regions called lobes

34
Q

What causes the maternal spiral arteries to be transformed into wide, low pressure blood vessels?

A

Extravillous trophoblasts

35
Q

True or false

Oxytocin is produced in large quantities by the placenta during pregnancy?

A

False

36
Q

What are the external agents that cross the placenta and cause birth defects?

A

Teratogens

37
Q

What landmark on the fetal skull is the mentum?

A

The chin

38
Q

What is the suture that runs in the anterior-posterior direction across the vault of the skull

A

Sagittal suture

39
Q

What happens to a cephalhaematoma following birth?

A

It may decrease in size

40
Q

What is the bregma?

A

It is a diamond shaped fontanelle

41
Q

What can the early rupture of membranes during labour cause?

A

Increased risk of pressure on the umbilical cord during each contraction

42
Q

True or false

The muscle in the fundus contracts for longer and retracts after each contraction

A

True

43
Q

What is crowning?

A

The point when the widest transverse diameter of the fetal head has emerged from the vagina

44
Q

Should the midwife apply traction to the umbilical cord to help deliver the placenta during a normal labour?

A

No

45
Q

What does retraction mean in regards to the myometrial cells?

A

The myometrial cells shorten a little after each contraction

46
Q

Effacement of the cervix occurs due to…

A

A result of changes in hormone activity, especially prostaglandins

47
Q

During the second stage of labour, which movement of the fetus follows restitution?

A

Internal rotation of the shoulders and external rotation of the head

48
Q

What does a second degree tear affect?

A

The skin, vaginal wall and muscle within the perineal body

49
Q

True or false

One sign of separation of the placenta is when the cord stops pulsating

A

False

50
Q

What controls blood loss following the separation and delivery of the placenta?

A

Mostly achieved by strong and sustained contractions of the uterus

51
Q

What helps blood return to the heart from the lower limbs?

A

The skeletal muscles

52
Q

True or false
When a healthy woman lies on her back during the latter stages of pregnancy, she may feel faint. This is due to her blood pressure rising

A

False

53
Q

During a contraction of the heart, where does the blood flow to next as it leaves the right atrium?

A

The right ventricle

54
Q

True of false

The aorta has very ‘elastic’ walls that recoil after being stretched

A

True

55
Q

When does the blood flow through the capillaries in the skin decrease?

A

When the arterioles constrict and become narrower

56
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

A layer of squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the heart

57
Q

When is the only time that the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle do this?

A

When the heart muscle is relaxed

58
Q

What is the order of the pulmonary circulation as the blood flows from the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries - pulmonary capillaries - pulmonary veins - left atrium

59
Q

What causes the sounds that the heart makes?

A

The closure of the heart valves

60
Q

What is normal heart action?

A

When the two atria contract together and then the two ventricles contract a little later

Midwifery (3 decks)

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