NONSPECIFIC SKIN MANIFESTATIONS SECONDARY TO KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION

Question 1

What are the 2 definitions of pruritus?

Answer 1

1. At least three episodes of itch in a 2-week period that cause difficulty for the patient
2. Itch that occurs over a 6-month period in a regular pattern

Question 2

What are the 5 risk factors in pruritus?

Answer 2

1. male gender
2. high levels of:
   urea
   β2-microglobulin
   calcium
   phosphate

Question 3

Pruritus is transmitted through what fibers?

Answer 3

C-FIBERS

Question 4

What 2 markers of inflammation are elevated in pruritus associated with renal disease?

Answer 4

1. CRP
2. IL-6

Question 5

What are the 7 stimulants of C-fibers?

Answer 5

1. cytokines
2. histamine
3. serotonin
4. prostaglandins
5. neuropeptides
6. enzymes
7. Opiods

Question 6

What are the 7 treatments for pruritus?

Answer 6

1. HD OPTIMIZATION
2. EPO
3. topical corticosteroids (pramoxine & capsaicin)
4. UV phototherapy (2x/wk)
5. Oral treatments
6. KT
7. PARATHYROIDECTOMY

Question 7

What are the 9 oral medications used for Pruritus?

Answer 7

1. GABAPENTIN
2. PREGABALIN
3. NALBUPHINE
4. NALFURAFINE
5. NALTREXONE
6. CHOLESTYRAMINE
7. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
8. GAMMA LINOLEIC ACID
9. THALIDOMIDE

Question 8

What are the 6 NONSPECIFIC skin manifestations secondary to renal disease?

Answer 8

1. PRURITUS
2. XEROSIS
3. ICTHYOSIS (ACQUIRED)
4. PIGMENTARY CHANGES
5. INFECTIONS
6. PURPURA

Question 9

What are the 3 pigmentary alterations in renal disease?

Answer 9

1. PALLOR
2. HYPERPIGMENTATION
3. DYSPIGMENTATION (YELLOW TINT)

Question 10

Xerosis is most common in what parts of the body?

Answer 10

EXTENSOR SURFACES OF LE

Question 11

What is the most common pigmentary alteration in renal disease?

Answer 11

DYSPIGMENTATION (YELLOW TINT)