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GE101 - Exam 3 > Nonrenewable Resources > Flashcards

Nonrenewable Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of resource?

A

Naturally occurring, exploitable materials that is useful to society’s economic/material well-being

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2
Q

What are the function of availability of natural resources?

A

Physical characteristics of the resources
Human economic and technological conditions

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3
Q

What are the two kinds of natural resources?

A

Renewable
Nonrenewable

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4
Q

What are nonrenewable resources?

A

A natural resource that cannot be remade/regrown to match its consumption

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5
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

A Nonrenewable resource.
Once uranium is used, its gone

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6
Q

What uses uranium to create energy?

A

Nuclear Fission

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7
Q

How does Nuclear fission work?

A

Controlled splitting of an atom to release energy
(Uranium-235)

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8
Q

What is the percentage of energy does Nuclear energy provide to the world’s electricity?

A

16%

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9
Q

How does Nuclear Energy help the climate of Earth?

A

Reduces carbon emissions and slow rate of climate change

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of Nuclear fission?

A

High cost
safety concerns
lack of safe storage for radioactive waste
potential to be targeted

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11
Q

What is the process of Nuclear Fusion?

A

Process used by sun and stars

Combining 2 atoms to release energy
(Deuterium + tritium = helium + energy)

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12
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear fusion?

A

1 cubic meter of ocean (stores deuterium atoms) contains as much potential energy as the world’s entire oil reserves

Radioactive process are short-lived

waste products are non harmful

don’t emit carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or nitric oxide

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of Nuclear fusion?

A

Enormous construction costs

potential health and environmental costs

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14
Q

What is the technological problems with controlled fusion?

A

Needs material to withstand and keep temperature greater than 100million degrees.

(If overcome, creates potential)

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15
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Nonrenewable energy that are coal, petroleum, and naturalgas because they cannot be replenished in a short period of time

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16
Q

How is coal made?

A

300 mil years ago
Before dinos, many plants died in swamps

100 mil years ago
plants buried under water and dirt

Present
Heat and pressure turned dead plants to coal

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17
Q

What is the fuel basis for industrial revolution?

A

Coal

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18
Q

Coal is a very large world supply, however, where is coal mostly concentrated in?

A

The middle latitudes of Northern Hemisphere

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19
Q

How does Industrialized nations use coal?

A

Used for electricity and to make coke for steel production

20
Q

How doe less developed nations use coal?

A

Used for home heating and cooking, to generate electricity and fuel factories.

21
Q

What is not coal in terms of quality?

A

It is not a constant quality of resource

22
Q

What are more expensive to mine?

A

Good quality bituminous coals and anthracite

23
Q

What is the extraction for coal?

A

Surface (strip) mining

Underground (shaft) mining

24
Q

What are the ecological, health and safety problems associated with mining and consumption of coal?

A

Mutilation of surface

Contamination of lakes and streams

Release of Toxins into atmosphere

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of Coal?

A

Bulky and not as easily transported as non-solid fuels

Usually consumed near mines

development of major heavy industrial centers on or near coal fields

26
Q

What is the process of oil and gas?

A

300 mil - 400 mil years ago
Tiny sea plants and animals died and were buried on the ocean floor. Later they were covered by layers of silt and sand.

50 mil-100 mil years ago
The remains were buried deeper and deeper. Enormous heat and pressure turned them into oil and gas.

Present
Humans drill down through layers of sand, silt, and rock to reach the rock formations that contain oil and gas deposits.

27
Q

How much percentage does the commercial energy consumed in the world comes from oil?

A

40%

28
Q

What was crude oil (Petroleum) refined into?

A

Waxes
Tars
Various fuels

29
Q

How was the world dependent on petroleum?

A

The efficiency of pipelines
supertankers
other modes of transportation
low cost of oil

30
Q

What did crude oil give to oil-exporting countries?

A

tremendous power

31
Q

From the effect of oil-exporting countries, what did this encourage to other countries?

A

Research for alternative energy sources
conservation and energy efficiency

32
Q

What are the reserves for crude oil?

A

Finite
Unevenly distributed around the world
proved that reserves will last for about 40 years at current rate of production

33
Q

Where are the largest reserves of crude oil found?

A

In the Middle East

34
Q

How could the crude oil last far into the future?

A

Through:

Advances in exploration, recovery and production
Oil below sea floor
Undiscovered oil fields

35
Q

What does Hydraulic fracturing (Fracking) mean?

A

fracturing rock by a pressurized liquid

36
Q

How does Hydraulic fracturing effect the environment?

A

Contamination of ground water
depletion of freshwater

37
Q

What is an oil shale?

A

Sedimentary rock rich in organic material (Kerogen)

Extracted and converted into a crude oil by distillation

38
Q

What is Oil sand?

A

Mixture of sand, clay, and silt (85%), water (5%), and bitumen (10%)

39
Q

What are the high cost of Oil shales and tar sands?

A

Money

Environmental costs:
A lot of energy and fresh water
distributes large areas ofland
Produce a lot fo waste
Produce greenhouse gases
Pollutes air, water and surrounding soil

40
Q

What are the benefits of Natural Gases?

A

Highly efficient/versatile
requires little processing
Burns cleanly
Of fossil fuels, has the least impact on the environment

41
Q

How much percentage does the natural gas account for the global energy consumption?

A

25%

42
Q

What is natural gas mainly used for?

A

Industrial and residential heating
Generating electricity

43
Q

What is natural gas chemically processed into?

A

Products such as:
Plastic
Insecticides
synthetic fibers

44
Q

How are liquefied natural gas (LNG) kept?

A

Liquefied by refrigeration for storage or transport
Extremely hazardous

45
Q

What are the reserves of Natural Gases?

A

Difficult to estimate supplies, yet finite resources

Will last for about 65 years with current rate of production

Developing countries may have undiscovered deposits

GE101 - Exam 3 (9 decks)

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