Nonpharmacological interventions (Fundamentals Ch 41)

Question 1

Cutaneous (skin) stimulation–transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS), heat, cold, therapeutic touch, and massage

Answer 1

• interrupts pain pathways
• cold for inflammation
• heat to decrease blood flow and reduce stiffness

Question 2

Distraction

Answer 2

• ambulation
• deep breathing
• visitors
• television
• music

Question 3

Relaxation

Answer 3

• meditation
• yoga
• progressive muscle relaxation

Question 4

Imagery

Answer 4

• focusing on a pleasant thought to divert focus

- requires ability to concentrate

Question 5

Acupuncture

Answer 5

-vibration or electrical stimulation via tiny needles inserted into the skin and subcutaneous tissues at specific points

Question 6

Others:

Answer 6

• reduction of pain stimuli in environment

- elevation of edematous extremities to promote venous return and decrease swelling