Nonfermentative gram negative Bacilli Flashcards
1
Q
enumerate the nonfermentative gram (-) bacilli
A
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Acinetobacter spp.,
- Burkholderia cepacia
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
2
Q
common characteristics of nonfermentative
A
- no uniform biochemical characteristics
- often oxidase +
- lactose negative colonies on selective media such as MAC
3
Q
biochemical characteristics of p. aeruginosa and their atmospheric requirement
A
- catalase and oxidase positive
- strictly aerobic
4
Q
why p. aeruginosa is motile and they are found in?
A
due to their polar flagella
moist environments
5
Q
p. aeruginosa: pulmonary infections occurs commonly in patients with?
A
cystic fibrosis
6
Q
p. aeruginosa was known for this odor?
A
musty grape-like (corn tortilla) odor
7
Q
aeruginosa has __ or ___ appearance of its colonies on sheep blood agar
A
rough or ground glass appearance
8
Q
two pigments of aeruginosa
A
- “blue-green” fluorescent pigment
- metallic sheen
9
Q
metallic sheen pigment of p. aeruginosa is caused by?
A
pyoverdin pigment
10
Q
oxidase and TSIA result of aeruginosa
A
- oxidase positive
- alkaline slant/neutral butt
11
Q
p. aeruginosa grow best in?
A
42C
12
Q
gram morphology and arrangmeent of acinetobacter
A
- short, rod-shaped to spherical
- in pairs
13
Q
motility of acinetobacter
A
nonmotile
13
Q
biochemical characteristics and atmospheric requirement of acinetobacter
A
- oxidase and nitrites negative
- strictly aerobic
14
Q
color of colonies on acinetobacter on MAC
A
purplish colonies on MAC
15
Q
non-hemolytic acinetobacter
A
baumanii and iwoffi
16
Q
hemolytic acinetobacter
A
a. haemolyticus
17
Q
non-glucose oxidizer acinetobacter
A
haemolyticus and iwoffi
18
Q
glucose oxidizer acinetobacter
A
A. baumanii
19
Q
aerobic, non-spore forming, gram-negative rods
A
burkholderia spp.,
20
Q
why burkholderia are motile?
A
because they have polar flagella
21
Q
the only nonmotile burkholderia
A
B. mallei
22
Q
biochemical characteristics of burkholderia
A
catalase and oxidase positive
23
Q
what organism produces lactose-negative colonies?
A
burkholderia
24
LIA result of burkholderia
decarboxylates lysine
25
B. cepacia is an important pathogen in patients with __ and in those with __
cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease
26
it is a nosocomial pathogen that is contaminated with equipment, medications, and disinfectants
B. cepacia
27
this pathogen is acquired via inhalation or contact through cut or abraded skin
B. pseudomallei
28
B. pseudomallei causes what disease?
Melioidosis
29
media used to isolate B. cepacia from the respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis
1. Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) agar
2. Oxidative-fermentative base-polymyxin B - bacitracin lactose (OFPBL)
30
Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) agar contains ___ to inhibit gram + and rapid-growing, gram negative organisms
crystal violet, bile salts, polymyxin B, ticarcillin
31
B. __ ferments lactose and appears ___
B. cepacia - yellow
32
nonfermenters for burkholderia appears?
green
33
medium used to isolate B. pseudomallei when an infection caused by this species is suspected
Ashdown medium
34
a significant nosocomial stenotrophomonas
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
35
enumerate the risk factors of stenotrophomonas
- mechanical ventilation
- use of broad-spectrum antibiotics
- catheterization
- neutropenia
36
biochemical characteristics of stenotrophomonas
- oxidase negative
- DNAse +
- nonfermentative
37
S. maltophilia on 5% sheep blood agar has ___ colony appearance and a __ odor
chartreuse to lavender-green and strong ammonia odor
38
the only nonmotile nonfermentative bacilli
acinetobacter baumanii
39
incubation condition of C. jejuni
42C microaerobic for 72 hours
40
gram morphology of helicobacter
spiral-shaped or curved gram negative non-spore forming
41
infection of this pathogen has also been associated with gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma
h. pylori
42
common cause of peptic ulcer
h. pylori
43
noninvasive test that detects urease activity of h. pylori by measuring 14C and 13C labeled CO2 in the patient's expelled air
urea breath test
44
oxidase positive, facultative anaerobic, small, gram negative bacilli, pleomorphic rods or coccobacilli with a potential requirement for X hemin and V NAD factor
haemophilus
44
agar used for isolation of h. influenzae from respiratory secretion of patients with cystic fibrosis
horse-blood bacitracin agar
45
h. influenzae is also known as the
Pfeiffer's bacillus
46
main cause of meningitis in children <5 yrs old
h. influenzae
47
associated with respiratory conditions including epiglottis
h. influenzae
48
h. aegypticus is also known as the __ bacillus
Koch-Week's bacillus
49
can cause pink eye conjunctivitis
h. aegypticus
50
h. ducreyi can cause?
chancroid disease
51
h. influenzae tend to have musty odor colonies also known as?
dirty sneakers
52
a sensitive method to determine X factor requirements
porphyrin test
53
species that do not require x factor tends to have a ___
positive porphyrin test
54
negative for porphyrin test
h. influenzae
55
this pathogen is found in the environment with water
legionella
56
legionella is isolated __
BCYE agar
56
often associated in manmade facilities including air-conditioning ducts and cooling towers, portable water, large warm-water plumbing systems, humidifier, whirlpools, etc.
legionella
56
enumerate the growth factors in BCYE agar
I-cysteine, ferric salt, and a ketoglutarate
56
legionella is incubate for at least ___ in a humid atmosphere containing ___ CO2
5 days, no more than 2-5% CO2
57
biochemical characteristics of legionella
oxidase, catalase, gelatinase positive and motile
57
diseases associated with legionella
- pneumonia
- pontiac fever
- extrapulmonary
58
strictly aerobic, nonfermentative, catalase-positive, minute coccobacilli requiring ___
BORDETELLA
- nicotinic acid
- cysteine
- methionine
59
most commonly recommended specimen of bordetella
nasopharyngeal swab
60
for shipment to reference lab of bordetella, the inoculated medium should be incubated for at least __
24 hours in ambient air at 35C
61
colonies may not be visible for 3-4 days
bordetella
62
small, smooth, round, shiny, and may have the appearance of a drop of mercury
B. pertussis
63
this pathogen grows more rapidly and will grow on BAP and occasionally on MAC
B. parapertussis
64
this pathogen grows well on both blood and MAC and is the most biochemically active
B. bronchiseptica
65
enumerate the media for primary isolation of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis
- bordet-gengou
- modified jones-kendrick charcoal
- regan lowe
- stainer-scholte
66
bordetella that grows in regan lowe for 3-6 days
b. pertussis
67
small, gram-negative coccobacillary organisms
brucella
68
brucella has the appearance of __
sand
69
non-motile, strictly aerobic, catalase +, nonfermenters, and oxidase +
brucella
70
brucella is enhanced by the presence of __
5-10% CO2
71
enumerate the human pathogens of brucella
- melitensis
- abortus
- suis
- canis
72
common risk factor of brucella is the
consumption of imported cheese made from unpasteurized goat's milk
73
biochemical characteristics of brucella
catalase, oxidase, and urease +
74
human diseases of brucella are
undulant fever, malta fever, bang's disease, gibraltar fever, mediterranean fever
75
BRUCELLA AND ANIMAL HOST:
abortus -
melitensis -
suis -
canis -
ovis -
neotomae -
abortus - cattle
melitensis - sheep or goats
suis - swine
canis - dogs
ovis - rams
neotomae - deser and wood rats
76
brucella positive for CO2, H2S, and inhibition of thionine
b. abortus
77
brucella that inhibit in basic fuchsin
b. suis and b. canis
78
biochemical characteristics of pasteurella
faculatively anaerobic and susceptible to penicillin
INDOLE -
OXIDASE +
CATALASE +
ONPG +
79
nonmotile, gram-negative bacteria that range morphologically from coccobacilli to long filamentous rods
pasteurella
80
capable of bipolar staining that grows on BAP only
pasteurella
81
commensals in the upper respiratory tracts of fowl and mammals
pasteurella
82
pasteurella is frequently isolated from?
animal bite or scratch wounds
83
small, strictly aerobic coccoid to pleomorphic rod-shaped
francisella tularensis
84
francisella is a gram - bacillus that requires __ for growth
cystine or cysteine
85
francisella: faint bipolar staining occurs with __
aniline dyes
86
common in trappers, hunters, fur and meat industry workers, agricultural workers, lab personnel
francisella
87
francisella grown on __
glucose-cysteine agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated rabbit blood, CHOC agar with isovitalex, or BCYE agar
88
thin, gram-variable rod or coccobacillus, catalase negative, and nonmotile
gardnerella
89
gardnerella grows best after __
48 hrs of incubation in 5% CO2 enriched atmosphere
90
gardnerella colonies are small and exhibit __ on media containing rabbit or human blood
beta hemolysis
91
direct examination of vaginal secretions for the presence of clue cells
gardnerella
92
ph of gardnerella
>4.5
93
gardnerella has a ___ odor after addition of ___ to the secretions
fishy amine odor
10% potassium hydroxide
94
a gram negative bacillus that requires media containing blood, serum, or ascites fluid and incubation under CO2
streptobacillus moniliformis
95
streptobacillus moniliformis causes ___ in humans
rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever
96
it has never been grown in culture but because both are causative agents of rat-bite fever
spirillum minus
