nondisjunctin Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is non-disjunction?

A

Non-disjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.

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3
Q

True or False: Non-disjunction can occur during both meiosis and mitosis.

A

True

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Non-disjunction often leads to __________.

A

aneuploidy

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5
Q

What is aneuploidy?

A

Aneuploidy is a condition in which there is an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.

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6
Q

Which chromosome abnormality is commonly associated with Down syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?

A

A. Non-disjunction during maternal meiosis

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8
Q

True or False: Non-disjunction can lead to conditions such as Turner syndrome.

A

True

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9
Q

What is Turner syndrome?

A

Turner syndrome is a condition caused by the absence of one X chromosome in females, leading to a total of 45 chromosomes.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Non-disjunction can result in __________ gametes.

A

abnormal

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11
Q

Short Answer: Name one method used to detect non-disjunction in humans.

A

Karyotyping

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which phase of meiosis is most commonly associated with non-disjunction?

A

B. Anaphase I

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13
Q

True or False: Non-disjunction can occur in both meiosis I and meiosis II.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the result of non-disjunction during meiosis I?

A

It results in two gametes with an extra chromosome and two with one less chromosome.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Non-disjunction can lead to __________ in offspring.

A

genetic disorders

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16
Q

Short Answer: What is the typical chromosome number in a human zygote?

A

46 chromosomes

17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential outcome of non-disjunction?

A

C. Klinefelter syndrome

18
Q

True or False: Non-disjunction only occurs in females.

A

False

19
Q

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

A

Klinefelter syndrome is a condition in males caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes.

20
Q

Fill in the blank: The risk of non-disjunction increases with __________.

A

maternal age

21
Q

Short Answer: What genetic testing can confirm non-disjunction-related conditions?

A

Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

22
Q

Multiple Choice: Non-disjunction can lead to which of the following?

A

A. Trisomy

23
Q

True or False: Non-disjunction is a rare event in cell division.

A

False

24
Q

What is the role of spindle fibers in cell division?

A

Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes during cell division.

25
Q

Fill in the blank: Non-disjunction can occur due to improper __________ of spindle fibers.

A

attachment

26
Q

Short Answer: What is the consequence of non-disjunction in meiosis II?

A

It results in two normal gametes and two abnormal gametes.

27
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a result of non-disjunction?

A

D. Normal chromosome number