Endocrine & Reproductive Flashcards
1
Q
What is the principal hormone secreted from the ovary?
A
Estrogen, Progesterone, Androgen, Inhibin
2
Q
True or False: Progesterone is the main hormone produced by the ovaries.
A
False
3
Q
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle?
A
Estrogen
4
Q
Fill in the blank: The ovaries primarily secrete _______ and progesterone.
A
Estrogen
5
Q
What are the two main types of estrogen produced by the ovaries?
A
Estradiol and estrone
6
Q
Multiple Choice: Which hormone helps prepare the endometrium for implantation? A) Testosterone B) Progesterone C) Insulin
A
B) Progesterone
7
Q
What is the role of estrogen in female reproductive health?
A
To regulate the menstrual cycle and support reproductive functions.
8
Q
True or False: Estrogen levels remain constant throughout the menstrual cycle.
A
False
9
Q
What triggers the release of estrogen from the ovaries?
A
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
10
Q
Fill in the blank: The corpus luteum primarily secretes _______.
A
Progesterone
11
Q
Multiple Choice: What is the effect of estrogen on bone health? A) Increases bone density B) Decreases bone density C) No effect
A
A) Increases bone density
12
Q
What happens to estrogen levels during menopause?
A
They decrease significantly.
13
Q
True or False: Estrogen is only produced in the ovaries.
A
False
14
Q
What hormone surge triggers ovulation?
A
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
15
Q
Fill in the blank: Estrogen is critical for the development of _______ characteristics.
A
Secondary sexual
16
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of estrogen? A) Stimulates milk production B) Promotes hair growth C) Affects mood
A
C) Affects mood
17
Q
What is the precursor molecule for estrogen production?
A
Cholesterol
18
Q
True or False: Estrogen levels are higher during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
A
True
19
Q
What is the relationship between estrogen and the hypothalamus?
A
Estrogen provides feedback to the hypothalamus to regulate hormone release.
20
Q
Fill in the blank: The decline of _______ levels leads to the onset of menopause.
A
Estrogen
21
Q
Multiple Choice: Which condition is associated with high estrogen levels? A) Osteoporosis B) Endometriosis C) Hypothyroidism
A
B) Endometriosis
22
Q
What is the role of estrogen in the cardiovascular system?
A
It helps maintain healthy blood vessels and cholesterol levels.
23
Q
True or False: Estrogen is involved in the regulation of body temperature.
A
True
24
Q
What happens to progesterone levels after ovulation?
A
They increase significantly.
25
Fill in the blank: The decline in _______ levels can lead to menstrual irregularities.
Estrogen
26
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy? A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Testosterone
B) Progesterone
27
What is the impact of estrogen on the skin?
It promotes skin elasticity and hydration.
28
29
What is the primary site of estrogen production in the ovary?
The ovarian follicles.
30
True or False: Estrogen is produced exclusively by the corpus luteum in the ovary.
False.
31
Fill in the blank: Estrogen is mainly produced by the _____ cells in the ovarian follicles.
granulosa.
32
What hormone stimulates the granulosa cells to produce estrogen?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
33
Which type of ovarian follicle is primarily responsible for estrogen production?
Graafian follicle.
34
True or False: Theca cells in the ovary also contribute to estrogen production.
True.
35
What is the role of theca cells in estrogen production?
They produce androgens, which are converted to estrogen by granulosa cells.
36
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a site of estrogen production in the ovary? A) Granulosa cells B) Theca cells C) Luteal cells D) Follicular fluid
D) Follicular fluid.
37
What is the effect of high levels of estrogen on the ovarian follicles?
It promotes the maturation of the follicles.
38
Fill in the blank: Estrogen plays a crucial role in the _____ cycle.
menstrual.
39
True or False: Estrogen levels remain constant throughout the menstrual cycle.
False.
40
What happens to estrogen levels just before ovulation?
They peak.
41
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by rising estrogen levels?
Follicular phase.
42
What is the primary function of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
To regulate the menstrual cycle and support reproductive health.
43
Multiple choice: Which hormone surge triggers ovulation? A) Estrogen B) Luteinizing hormone C) Follicle-stimulating hormone D) Progesterone
B) Luteinizing hormone.
44
Fill in the blank: After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes _____.
progesterone and estrogen.
45
True or False: Estrogen is involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females.
True.
46
What is the relationship between estrogen and bone health?
Estrogen helps maintain bone density.
47
Which type of estrogen is primarily produced by the ovaries?
Estradiol.
48
Fill in the blank: The decline in estrogen levels during menopause can lead to _____ risk.
increased bone fracture.
49
True or False: Estrogen production decreases significantly after menopause.
True.
50
What is the result of inadequate estrogen production in premenopausal women?
Irregular menstrual cycles and infertility.
51
Multiple choice: What can stimulate estrogen production in the ovaries? A) Stress B) Exercise C) FSH D) Sleep
C) FSH.
52
What role does estrogen play in the thickening of the endometrial lining?
It stimulates the proliferation of endometrial cells.
53
Estrogen binds with albumin
30%
54
estrogen binds with SHBG
69 %
55
Free / biologically active estrogen
1 %
56
Progesterone binds with albumin
79 %
57
progesterone binds with corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG)
17.7 %
58
free progesterone
1-2 %
59
Androgen/Testosterone binds with
albumin-19%, SHBG-80%, free 1%
60
Most potent estrogen
Estradiol
(10 times potent than estrone & estriol)
61
Total quantity of estradiol production during a cycle from ovulatory ovary is estimated to be-
10 mg
62
The growth of axillary & pubic hair is dependent predominantly on-
Androgen of adrenal origin
63
64
What is estrogen?
Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an essential role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.
65
True or False: Estrogen is only found in females.
False: Estrogen is present in both males and females, although at different levels.
66
Which organ primarily produces estrogen in females?
The ovaries primarily produce estrogen in females.
67
Fill in the blank: The main form of estrogen in premenopausal women is _____ .
estradiol
68
What are the three main types of estrogen?
The three main types of estrogen are estradiol, estrone, and estriol.
69
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of estrogen? A) Bone density maintenance B) Hair growth C) Muscle building D) All of the above
D) All of the above
70
True or False: Estrogen levels remain constant throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle.
False: Estrogen levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle.
71
What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen helps to regulate the menstrual cycle, promoting the growth of the uterine lining.
72
Fill in the blank: Estrogen is involved in the development of _____ characteristics.
secondary sexual
73
Multiple Choice: What condition can low estrogen levels lead to? A) Osteoporosis B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) Asthma
A) Osteoporosis
74
What is the effect of estrogen on cholesterol levels?
Estrogen helps to maintain healthy cholesterol levels by increasing HDL (good cholesterol) and decreasing LDL (bad cholesterol).
75
True or False: Estrogen has no impact on mood.
False: Estrogen can influence mood and may affect mental health.
76
What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
HRT is a treatment used to relieve symptoms of menopause by replacing estrogen in the body.
77
Fill in the blank: Estrogen is produced in smaller amounts in _____ after menopause.
women
78
Multiple Choice: What can high levels of estrogen increase the risk of? A) Heart disease B) Cancer C) Stroke D) All of the above
D) All of the above
79
What is the relationship between estrogen and the endometrium?
Estrogen stimulates the growth and thickening of the endometrium in preparation for potential pregnancy.
80
True or False: Estrogen is solely responsible for female reproductive functions.
False: Estrogen works in conjunction with other hormones like progesterone.
81
Fill in the blank: Estrogen receptors are found in various tissues including _____ and _____ .
breast tissue; bone
82
What role does estrogen play in pregnancy?
Estrogen supports the development of the fetus and maintains the pregnancy.
83
Multiple Choice: Which of the following foods can help increase estrogen levels? A) Soy products B) Dairy C) Red meat D) All of the above
A) Soy products
84
What is a common symptom of estrogen deficiency?
Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.
85
True or False: Estrogen has no effect on skin health.
False: Estrogen can impact skin elasticity and hydration.
86
What is the role of estrogen in the cardiovascular system?
Estrogen helps to protect the cardiovascular system by maintaining healthy blood vessels and lowering cholesterol levels.
87
Fill in the blank: The pituitary gland releases _____ which stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen.
LH (luteinizing hormone)
88
Multiple Choice: Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by rising estrogen levels? A) Luteal phase B) Follicular phase C) Menstrual phase D) Ovulation
B) Follicular phase
89
What is the impact of environmental estrogens?
Environmental estrogens, or xenoestrogens, can mimic estrogen and potentially disrupt endocrine function.
90
91
What is the primary type of estrogen produced during the reproductive years?
Estradiol
92
True or False: Estrone is the predominant estrogen in postmenopausal women.
True
93
Fill in the blank: The type of estrogen that is primarily produced during pregnancy is _____ .
Estriol
94
During which life stage is estriol predominantly produced?
Pregnancy
95
What type of estrogen is mainly present in the ovaries?
Estradiol
96
Multiple Choice: Which estrogen is considered the weakest?
Estrone
97
True or False: Estrogens play a role in bone health throughout a woman's life.
True
98
What is the main role of estrogen during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
To promote the growth of the ovarian follicles
99
During menopause, which type of estrogen decreases significantly?
Estradiol
100
What is the function of estriol during pregnancy?
To support fetal development and maintain pregnancy
101
Fill in the blank: The ovaries primarily produce _____ during the reproductive years.
Estradiol
102
Multiple Choice: Which estrogen is mainly synthesized in adipose tissue?
Estrone
103
True or False: Estrogens are only produced in the female body.
False
104
What happens to estrogen levels after menopause?
They significantly decrease.
105
What role does estrogen play in the menstrual cycle?
Regulates the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy.
106
Which type of estrogen is primarily involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics?
Estradiol
107
Fill in the blank: The three main types of estrogen are estradiol, estrone, and _____ .
Estriol
108
True or False: Estrone can be converted into estradiol in the body.
True
109
What type of estrogen is most abundant in premenopausal women?
Estradiol
110
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does estradiol peak?
Ovulatory phase
111
What is the relationship between estrogen and bone density?
Estrogen helps maintain bone density.
112
Fill in the blank: After menopause, women are at increased risk for _____ due to lower estrogen levels.
Osteoporosis
113
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating estrogen production in the ovaries?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
114
True or False: Estrogen has a role in regulating mood and cognitive function.
True
115
What is the effect of high estrogen levels during pregnancy on the body?
They support the growth of the fetus and prepare the body for childbirth.
116
Fill in the blank: Estrogens are synthesized from _____ in the body.
Cholesterol
117
Vaginal flora is maintained by-
Estrogen
118
