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Genetics > Endocrine & Reproductive > Flashcards

Endocrine & Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What is the principal hormone secreted from the ovary?

A

Estrogen, Progesterone, Androgen, Inhibin

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2
Q

True or False: Progesterone is the main hormone produced by the ovaries.

A

False

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3
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle?

A

Estrogen

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The ovaries primarily secrete _______ and progesterone.

A

Estrogen

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5
Q

What are the two main types of estrogen produced by the ovaries?

A

Estradiol and estrone

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which hormone helps prepare the endometrium for implantation? A) Testosterone B) Progesterone C) Insulin

A

B) Progesterone

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7
Q

What is the role of estrogen in female reproductive health?

A

To regulate the menstrual cycle and support reproductive functions.

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8
Q

True or False: Estrogen levels remain constant throughout the menstrual cycle.

A

False

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9
Q

What triggers the release of estrogen from the ovaries?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The corpus luteum primarily secretes _______.

A

Progesterone

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the effect of estrogen on bone health? A) Increases bone density B) Decreases bone density C) No effect

A

A) Increases bone density

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12
Q

What happens to estrogen levels during menopause?

A

They decrease significantly.

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13
Q

True or False: Estrogen is only produced in the ovaries.

A

False

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14
Q

What hormone surge triggers ovulation?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Estrogen is critical for the development of _______ characteristics.

A

Secondary sexual

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16
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of estrogen? A) Stimulates milk production B) Promotes hair growth C) Affects mood

A

C) Affects mood

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17
Q

What is the precursor molecule for estrogen production?

A

Cholesterol

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18
Q

True or False: Estrogen levels are higher during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the relationship between estrogen and the hypothalamus?

A

Estrogen provides feedback to the hypothalamus to regulate hormone release.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The decline of _______ levels leads to the onset of menopause.

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is associated with high estrogen levels? A) Osteoporosis B) Endometriosis C) Hypothyroidism

A

B) Endometriosis

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22
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the cardiovascular system?

A

It helps maintain healthy blood vessels and cholesterol levels.

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23
Q

True or False: Estrogen is involved in the regulation of body temperature.

A

True

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24
Q

What happens to progesterone levels after ovulation?

A

They increase significantly.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The decline in _______ levels can lead to menstrual irregularities.

A

Estrogen

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26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy? A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Testosterone

A

B) Progesterone

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27
Q

What is the impact of estrogen on the skin?

A

It promotes skin elasticity and hydration.

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28
Q
A
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29
Q

What is the primary site of estrogen production in the ovary?

A

The ovarian follicles.

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30
Q

True or False: Estrogen is produced exclusively by the corpus luteum in the ovary.

A

False.

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31
Q

Fill in the blank: Estrogen is mainly produced by the _____ cells in the ovarian follicles.

A

granulosa.

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32
Q

What hormone stimulates the granulosa cells to produce estrogen?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

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33
Q

Which type of ovarian follicle is primarily responsible for estrogen production?

A

Graafian follicle.

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34
Q

True or False: Theca cells in the ovary also contribute to estrogen production.

A

True.

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35
Q

What is the role of theca cells in estrogen production?

A

They produce androgens, which are converted to estrogen by granulosa cells.

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36
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a site of estrogen production in the ovary? A) Granulosa cells B) Theca cells C) Luteal cells D) Follicular fluid

A

D) Follicular fluid.

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37
Q

What is the effect of high levels of estrogen on the ovarian follicles?

A

It promotes the maturation of the follicles.

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38
Q

Fill in the blank: Estrogen plays a crucial role in the _____ cycle.

A

menstrual.

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39
Q

True or False: Estrogen levels remain constant throughout the menstrual cycle.

A

False.

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40
Q

What happens to estrogen levels just before ovulation?

A

They peak.

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41
Q

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by rising estrogen levels?

A

Follicular phase.

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42
Q

What is the primary function of estrogen in the female reproductive system?

A

To regulate the menstrual cycle and support reproductive health.

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43
Q

Multiple choice: Which hormone surge triggers ovulation? A) Estrogen B) Luteinizing hormone C) Follicle-stimulating hormone D) Progesterone

A

B) Luteinizing hormone.

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44
Q

Fill in the blank: After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes _____.

A

progesterone and estrogen.

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45
Q

True or False: Estrogen is involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females.

A

True.

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46
Q

What is the relationship between estrogen and bone health?

A

Estrogen helps maintain bone density.

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47
Q

Which type of estrogen is primarily produced by the ovaries?

A

Estradiol.

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48
Q

Fill in the blank: The decline in estrogen levels during menopause can lead to _____ risk.

A

increased bone fracture.

49
Q

True or False: Estrogen production decreases significantly after menopause.

50
Q

What is the result of inadequate estrogen production in premenopausal women?

A

Irregular menstrual cycles and infertility.

51
Q

Multiple choice: What can stimulate estrogen production in the ovaries? A) Stress B) Exercise C) FSH D) Sleep

52
Q

What role does estrogen play in the thickening of the endometrial lining?

A

It stimulates the proliferation of endometrial cells.

53
Q

Estrogen binds with albumin

54
Q

estrogen binds with SHBG

55
Q

Free / biologically active estrogen

56
Q

Progesterone binds with albumin

57
Q

progesterone binds with corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG)

58
Q

free progesterone

59
Q

Androgen/Testosterone binds with

A

albumin-19%, SHBG-80%, free 1%

60
Q

Most potent estrogen

A

Estradiol
(10 times potent than estrone & estriol)

61
Q

Total quantity of estradiol production during a cycle from ovulatory ovary is estimated to be-

62
Q

The growth of axillary & pubic hair is dependent predominantly on-

A

Androgen of adrenal origin

64
Q

What is estrogen?

A

Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an essential role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.

65
Q

True or False: Estrogen is only found in females.

A

False: Estrogen is present in both males and females, although at different levels.

66
Q

Which organ primarily produces estrogen in females?

A

The ovaries primarily produce estrogen in females.

67
Q

Fill in the blank: The main form of estrogen in premenopausal women is _____ .

68
Q

What are the three main types of estrogen?

A

The three main types of estrogen are estradiol, estrone, and estriol.

69
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of estrogen? A) Bone density maintenance B) Hair growth C) Muscle building D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

70
Q

True or False: Estrogen levels remain constant throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle.

A

False: Estrogen levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle.

71
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?

A

Estrogen helps to regulate the menstrual cycle, promoting the growth of the uterine lining.

72
Q

Fill in the blank: Estrogen is involved in the development of _____ characteristics.

A

secondary sexual

73
Q

Multiple Choice: What condition can low estrogen levels lead to? A) Osteoporosis B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) Asthma

A

A) Osteoporosis

74
Q

What is the effect of estrogen on cholesterol levels?

A

Estrogen helps to maintain healthy cholesterol levels by increasing HDL (good cholesterol) and decreasing LDL (bad cholesterol).

75
Q

True or False: Estrogen has no impact on mood.

A

False: Estrogen can influence mood and may affect mental health.

76
Q

What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

A

HRT is a treatment used to relieve symptoms of menopause by replacing estrogen in the body.

77
Q

Fill in the blank: Estrogen is produced in smaller amounts in _____ after menopause.

78
Q

Multiple Choice: What can high levels of estrogen increase the risk of? A) Heart disease B) Cancer C) Stroke D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

79
Q

What is the relationship between estrogen and the endometrium?

A

Estrogen stimulates the growth and thickening of the endometrium in preparation for potential pregnancy.

80
Q

True or False: Estrogen is solely responsible for female reproductive functions.

A

False: Estrogen works in conjunction with other hormones like progesterone.

81
Q

Fill in the blank: Estrogen receptors are found in various tissues including _____ and _____ .

A

breast tissue; bone

82
Q

What role does estrogen play in pregnancy?

A

Estrogen supports the development of the fetus and maintains the pregnancy.

83
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following foods can help increase estrogen levels? A) Soy products B) Dairy C) Red meat D) All of the above

A

A) Soy products

84
Q

What is a common symptom of estrogen deficiency?

A

Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.

85
Q

True or False: Estrogen has no effect on skin health.

A

False: Estrogen can impact skin elasticity and hydration.

86
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the cardiovascular system?

A

Estrogen helps to protect the cardiovascular system by maintaining healthy blood vessels and lowering cholesterol levels.

87
Q

Fill in the blank: The pituitary gland releases _____ which stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen.

A

LH (luteinizing hormone)

88
Q

Multiple Choice: Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by rising estrogen levels? A) Luteal phase B) Follicular phase C) Menstrual phase D) Ovulation

A

B) Follicular phase

89
Q

What is the impact of environmental estrogens?

A

Environmental estrogens, or xenoestrogens, can mimic estrogen and potentially disrupt endocrine function.

91
Q

What is the primary type of estrogen produced during the reproductive years?

92
Q

True or False: Estrone is the predominant estrogen in postmenopausal women.

93
Q

Fill in the blank: The type of estrogen that is primarily produced during pregnancy is _____ .

94
Q

During which life stage is estriol predominantly produced?

95
Q

What type of estrogen is mainly present in the ovaries?

96
Q

Multiple Choice: Which estrogen is considered the weakest?

97
Q

True or False: Estrogens play a role in bone health throughout a woman’s life.

98
Q

What is the main role of estrogen during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

To promote the growth of the ovarian follicles

99
Q

During menopause, which type of estrogen decreases significantly?

100
Q

What is the function of estriol during pregnancy?

A

To support fetal development and maintain pregnancy

101
Q

Fill in the blank: The ovaries primarily produce _____ during the reproductive years.

102
Q

Multiple Choice: Which estrogen is mainly synthesized in adipose tissue?

103
Q

True or False: Estrogens are only produced in the female body.

104
Q

What happens to estrogen levels after menopause?

A

They significantly decrease.

105
Q

What role does estrogen play in the menstrual cycle?

A

Regulates the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy.

106
Q

Which type of estrogen is primarily involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

107
Q

Fill in the blank: The three main types of estrogen are estradiol, estrone, and _____ .

108
Q

True or False: Estrone can be converted into estradiol in the body.

109
Q

What type of estrogen is most abundant in premenopausal women?

110
Q

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does estradiol peak?

A

Ovulatory phase

111
Q

What is the relationship between estrogen and bone density?

A

Estrogen helps maintain bone density.

112
Q

Fill in the blank: After menopause, women are at increased risk for _____ due to lower estrogen levels.

A

Osteoporosis

113
Q

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating estrogen production in the ovaries?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

114
Q

True or False: Estrogen has a role in regulating mood and cognitive function.

115
Q

What is the effect of high estrogen levels during pregnancy on the body?

A

They support the growth of the fetus and prepare the body for childbirth.

116
Q

Fill in the blank: Estrogens are synthesized from _____ in the body.

A

Cholesterol

117
Q

Vaginal flora is maintained by-

Genetics (7 decks)

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