Non-spore forming anaerobes

Question 1

What are the anaerobic gram positive cocci?

Answer 1

Finegoldia, Micromonas, Peptostreptococcus.

Question 2

What are the anaerobic gram positive rods?

Answer 2

Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium

Question 3

What are the anaerobic gram negative cocci?

Answer 3

Veillona

Question 4

What are the anaerobic gram negative rods?

Answer 4

Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella

Question 5

What antibiotics are the anaerobic gram positive cocci susceptible to?

Answer 5

Penicillins and carbapenems.

Question 6

What antibiotics are the non spore forming anaerobes generally resistant to?

Answer 6

Aminoglycosides.

Question 7

What diseases do the gram positive cocci usually cause?

Answer 7

They most often cause chronic sinusitis, but can cause acute sinusitis if coming from a peridontal disease.

Question 8

What is the predominant disease causing anaerobic gram positive cocci?

Answer 8

Peptostreptococcus.

Question 9

What diseases are associated with Peptostreptococcus?

Answer 9

Respiratory infections such as chronic sinusitis, mastoiditis, lung abscesses, aspiration pneumonia, and acute and chronic ottis media. Additionally, they cause necrotizing, subcutaneous, and soft tissue infections.

Question 10

Why is Finegoldia magna an up and coming pathogen?

Answer 10

It possesses virulence factors similar to those found in S. pyogenes and S. aureus.

Question 11

Where are you more likely to find Finegoldia magna infections?

Answer 11

In a hospital setting.

Question 12

What are the biochemical markers for Proprionibacterium acne?

Answer 12

Indole positive gram positive rod.

Question 13

What are the biochemical markers for Actinomyces?

Answer 13

Indole negative, Nitrate test positive, catalase negative gram positive rods.

Question 14

What disease do Actinomyce spp cause?

Answer 14

Actinomycosis. It resents mostly cervicofacial, but can also be thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and CNS.

Question 15

What antibiotics are Actinomyces sensitive to?

Answer 15

Penicillin, carbpenems, macrolides, and clindamycin.

Question 16

What diseases does Proprionibacterium acnes cause?

Answer 16

Acnes vulgaris and opportunistic infections, particularly of prosthetic devices.

Question 17

What antibiotics are used for Proprionibacterium acnes?

Answer 17

Erythromycin and clindamycin.

Question 18

Where are Lactobacillus spp not likely to be found?

Answer 18

In urinary infections, as they cannot grow in urine.

Question 19

What antibiotic is Lactobacillus resistant to?

Answer 19

Vancomycin

Question 20

What is the treatment regimen for Lactobacillus infections?

Answer 20

Penicilin and aminoglycoside combination.

Question 21

What is the only non-spore forming anaerobic gram negative cocci?

Answer 21

Veillona. It is implicated in preventing dental carries by metabolizing acidic by-products into less acidic compounds.

Question 22

What is the only bile loving organism listed in this lecture?

Answer 22

Bacteroides (Bacteroides fragilis is the most clinically relevant).

Question 23

What gram negative rod is strongly associated with Chorioamnionitis?

Answer 23

Fusobacterium nucleatum. It appears to play a role in pre-term births.

Question 24

What is Lemierre syndrome?

Answer 24

When a bacterial throat infection progresses to the posterior pharyngeal space (resulting in peritonsillar abscesses). It then progresses to secondary septic thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein, bacteremia, and frequent spread (most commonly to the lungs).

Question 25

What is the most common pathogen responsible for Lemierre syndrome?

Answer 25

Fusobacterium necrophorum.