Non-Specific Response Flashcards
Give me the inflammation example of non specific response.
Histamines released by mast cells cause vasodilation which increase flow of blood to infected are and increase permeability of blood vessels,as a results of that antibodies white blood cells and plasma leak out into the infected tissue and destroy pathogen.
Give me a example of non specific responses having to do with lysozyme action
Lysozyme: are enzymes found in secretion such as tear and mucus which kill bacterial cell by damaging their cell wall
Give a non-specific response of the body having to do with viruses
Interferon:prevent viruses spreading virus to uninfected cells by stopping protein synthesis in viruses.
What is a pathogens?
A microorganisms which cause disease
Salmonella cause by a bacteria
The site of infected wound e.g from a cut on your finger often becomes inflamed and may fell hotter than the surrounding skin.suggest why
The blood rushes to infected area due to histamine making the capillaries “leaky” ,increase of blood flow equals to warmth,so that you white blood cells can fight off the invading pathogens
release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines)
This is overall defense against pathogens or damaged cells,causes redness and swelling commonly associated with infection.
Heat is due the white blood cells are fighting germs and bacteria.(high activity)
How is the vast number of pathogens living in your life intestine help you from fighting pathogens
The vast number of pathogens living in your intestine is known as the gut microbiota.
They fight for space and food
So
Competitive Exclusion: The beneficial bacteria in your gut compete with harmful pathogens for nutrients and space. By occupying ecological niches, they can prevent the growth and colonization of potentially harmful microorganisms.
Barrier Function: The gut microbiota plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. A healthy gut lining acts as a physical barrier, preventing the entry of harmful pathogens into the bloodstream.
How can lymphocytes distinguish from invaders(non self cell) from normal organisms own cells
Tcells:
Phagocytes they have engulfed a
pathogens present some of antigen on their surface area(antigen presenting virus) This presentation activates other immune cells, such as T cells, to target and eliminate the infected cells.
B cells:
Body cells invaded by virus present some of viral antigen on their own cell surface membrane
What are neutrophil ? And their job when a cut is found?and other jobs they have?
type of white blood cell which is body’s first line of defense against infections
Neutrophils quickly move towards the site of the cut(by squeezing through the blood lumen due to histamine making it leaky ),guided by chemical signals.They are among the first immune cells to arrive at the scene.
1-Neutrophils are highly effective phagocytes, meaning they can engulf and digest foreign particles, such as bacteria and fungi
2-Neutrophils have a relatively short lifespan, typically only a few hours to a couple of days.
3-Neutrophils release antimicrobial substances, including enzymes and reactive oxygen species, to further destroy and neutralize microorganisms that could cause infection.
4-By removing debris and harmful agents, they create a more favorable environment for subsequent stages of tissue repair.
What helps the neutrophil to deform as they leave the capillarie?
Multi lobed nucleus
What is produced in the hormonal response of plasma cell?
Or what kind of cells produce antibodies?
1-Antibodies
2-wbc which are B lymphocytes
