non-reproductive features of the pelvis and perineum

Question 1

what is the function of the pelvic girdle

Answer 1

support the body weight and transmit it to the lower limbs

Question 2

describe the joints in the pelvis

Answer 2

sacro-iliac joint - synomical joint - no movement

symphesis pubis - secondary cartilaginous joint - no movement

Question 3

describe the sacral vertebrae

Answer 3

they are fused

5

Question 4

describe the pubic angle

Answer 4

bottom of the pelvis

wider in female

Question 5

describe the hipbone in children

Answer 5

made of 3 separate bones

ileum, pubis, ischium - fuse in adult

Question 6

where is the false pelvis

Answer 6

from the iliac crest to the pelvic inlet

Question 7

where is the true pelvis

Answer 7

below the pelvic inlet

Question 8

what composes the pelvic wall

Answer 8

the sacrum and coccyx
pelvic bones

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 9

is the true/fase pelvis more important

Answer 9

the true

Question 10

describe the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 10

wedge shaped
axis is angled 45 degrees back from the abdominal cavity - antero-inferiorly inclined
from the pelvic inlet (ie start of true pelvis) to pelvic outlet
the false pelvis and perineum are outside the pelvic cavity
iliac fossae form a shallow basin containing the lower abdominal viscera
it is conical or cylindrical
lined by muscles and nerves - posteriorly bv and nerves

Question 11

what forms the pelvic inlet

Answer 11

pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis
pubic crest, pectin pubis, arcuate line - linea terminalis

Question 12

what forms the pelvic outlet

Answer 12

pubic symphesis 
pubic arch 
sacrotuberous ligament 
coccyx 
ischial tuberosity 
body of the pubis

Question 13

muscle of the pelvic wall

Answer 13

pelvic bone facing the pelvic cavity is covered by obturator internus muscle and fascia - function of lower limb
piriformis muscle
they attach to the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 14

what does the lumbosacral plexus supply

Answer 14

the lower limb and perineal region

Question 15

describe the tendinous arch of the obturator internus fascia

Answer 15

it hardens - so the muscle can attach

Question 16

describe the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 16

coccygeus - attach to the spine and the sacrum
iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalsis - divisions of the levator ani muscle - elevate the anus

the muscles from each side attach in the middle - form teb anococcygeal ligament

they come from a weak place, are thin and join in the middle = weak structure to hold up all the viscera = prolapse through vaginal canal

Question 17

role of the levator ani

Answer 17

support pelvic organs - bladder, cervix, uterus and rectum

Question 18

nerve supply of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 18

pudendal - S2-S4 and directly fromS4 - somatic