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anatomy of the abdomen adn pelvis > female pelvis > Flashcards

female pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

female pelvic organs

A 
Ovary, uterine (Fallopian) tubes
Uterus and cervix
Vagina
Ureter, bladder, urethra
Rectum and 
Caecum, appendix, parts of sigmoid colon and ileum - false pelvis 
Vessels, nerves and lymphatics
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2
Q

what is close to the posterior wall of the vagina

A

the rectum

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3
Q

length of uterus

A

8-9cm

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4
Q

length of urethra and implication of this

A

4cm - UTI easy

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5
Q

consequence of relative condition of the urinary bladder and the vagina

A

urinary bladder can haemorrhage through the anterior wall of the vagina

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6
Q

length of vagina

A

10cm

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7
Q

describe the peritoneum and pelvic fasia in thee female

A

parietal peritoneum enters pelvic cavity buyt doesn’t hit the pelvic floor
uterine tubes completely covered by the broad ligament - peritoneum
ovaries - suspended by the mesovarium from posterior of the broad ligament - not fully enveloped otherwise eggs couldn’t leave
fascia condesnses = ligaments - supports the viscera (not supported by weak pelvic floor)

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8
Q

where do the bv for the ovaries come from

A

the lateral wall in the suspendory ligament

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9
Q

describe the broad ligaments

A

transverse mesenteries

join uterus to the pelvic walls

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10
Q

what is the round ligament for

A

the development of ovaries

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11
Q

length of cervix

A

2.5cm

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12
Q

type of muscle for the uterus

A

sm

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13
Q

features of the uterine tubes

A

intramural - where the fundus meets the body
isthmus - narrow part
ampulla
infundibulum leads to the abdominal ostium of the uterine tube - fimbriae - motile (move the broad ligament)

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14
Q

describe the stability of the cervix and the vagina

A

3 sets of fibrous bands - cervical ligaments (condensed FASCIA on the pelvic floor) - anchor cervix in position - stop prolapse
they give passive support - don’t contract

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15
Q

what are the 3 cervical ligaments

A

transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament - most important
uterosacral ligament
ppubocervical ligament

same fascia just condensed in 3 places

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16
Q

parts of the uterus

A

fundus, body, lower segment anad cervix

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17
Q

PARTS of the uterine tubes

A

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and uterine parts

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18
Q

how is there a possible path to enter the peritoneum from externally

A

abdominal opening of the uterine tube and the vaginal opening

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19
Q

what are the vaginal fornixes

A

lateral
anterior
posterior

posterior - biggest

groove arouynd neck of uterus into the vaginal wall

20
Q

where is the cervix

A

protrude into the vagina R angle to vaginal axis though anterior wall

21
Q

implications of uterus changing shape in pregnancy

A

difficult to breath

22
Q

explain the change in uterus shape in pregnancy

A

up to costal margin in 10th month

then back to false pelvis in 9th

23
Q

describe the cervix

A

fibro-muscular cylinder

has internal and external os

24
Q

cells of the cervix

A

lined with mucous secreting simple columnar epi

vaginal surface of the cervix - stratified non-keratinised squamous

25
Q

describe the relation of the uterus to the cervix and vice verca

A

Body is antiflexed on the cervix

Cervix is anteverted on the vagina

26
Q

consequence of a short cervix on pregnancy

A

deliver early

27
Q

relationship between the urethra and the vagina

A

Urethra fused with the anterior wall

28
Q

clinical importance of the posterior fornix

A

entrance to the pouch of douglas/retrouterine pouch
lowest point of access to peritoneal pouch
drain abscess

29
Q

what structures are palpable in a digital examination through the vagina

A 
Cervix
Ischial spine - pudendal nerve runs - supply the perineum 
Sacral promontory
Uterine artery pulse (lateral fornix)
Ovary
30
Q

describe the arterial supply for the female pelvis

A

internal iliac artery ->
superior vesicle, uterine, middle rectal

walls supplied by sacral, gluteal and obturator branches

pudendal artery supplies the perineum and the recto-anal region via the inferior rectal branch

31
Q

uterine artery

A

main blood supply to uterus - enlarge during preg
run medially towards the cervix
cross ureter 1cm from cervix

uterine branch run close to uterus in the broad ligament

ascending branch supply uterine tube and ovary

descending - supply vagina

32
Q

describe the relation of the uterine artery and ovary

A

ovaries lie close to openings of the uterine tubes into the peritoneal cavity.
therefore there is an extra supply of blood to ovaries from the uterine tubes

33
Q

complications with hysterectomy

A

ureter damaged when blocking the uterine artery when the uterus is removed

34
Q

issue if perineal body is damaged

A

the pedundal canal can tear

35
Q

describe the deep and superficial perineal spaces

A

deep - above perineal membrane (PM), below fascia of pelvic diaphragm
superficial - below PM and perineal fascia

spaces become real when full

36
Q

describe the deep perineal structures for female

A

deep transverse perineal muscles
compressor urethrae
sphincter urethrovaginalis
external urethral sphincter

37
Q

describe the urethral sphincters in women

A

internal - not well developed

external- more intricate - controls continence in women

38
Q

describe the contents of the perineal pouch

A

median erectile tissue masses - corpus spongiosum - divides around the vestibule - vestibular bulbs - glans of clitoris

lateral - corpora cavernosa - paored cyklinders attached to ischiopubic rami - body of clitoris

surrounded by skeletal muscle

39
Q

what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch

A 
Vulva = collective name for female external genitalia: 
mons pubis, 
labia majora & minora, 
clitoris, 
vestibule of vagina, 
vestibular bulbs, 
vestibular glands
40
Q

what is the bulb of vestibule in women

A

labia majora

41
Q

describe the hymen

A

in virgin - the vaginal orifice possess a thin mucosal fold - the hymen
normally perforated at the centre
after intercourse/childbirth - torn and only a few tags remain

42
Q

describe the glands of the urethra and vagina

A

greater vestibular gland (Bartholin’s) and lesser vestibular glands (skene’s) open into the vaginal vestibule
peri-urethral glands open into vagina

43
Q

mucosa of the vaginal wall

A

no gands

kept moist by transudation

44
Q

cervical canal mucosa

A

mucus glands active in pre-menopausal women

45
Q

action of the pudendal nerve S2-S4

A

main somatic nerve of the perineum

motor to perineal muscles, anal and urethral sphincters, levator ani, sensory to external ganglaia

46
Q

lymphatic drainage fo the pelvis and perineum

A

pelvic organs drain to the external and internal iliac nodes
ovary and teste - para-aortic nodes
perineum and external genitalia - drain to superficial inguinal nodes - subcutaneous below inguinal ligament

47
Q

what is the vestibule of the vagina

A

the space between the labia majora

anatomy of the abdomen adn pelvis (8 decks)

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