Non-Opioid Analgesics + Opioids Flashcards
Acetaminophen*
Therapeutic class: antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic
Indication: Pain, fever
Action: Inhibit synth. of prostaglandins which play a role in transmission of pain signals + fever response
Nursing Considerations:
● Max daily dose = 4g*
○ For long term use - the maximum daily dose is only 3 grams per day!!
● Monitor liver function (AST/ALT) - can cause liver damager
● ANTIDOTE = n-acetylcysteine*
NSAIDS - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Examples: Aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen
Indication: Pain, inflammation, fever
Action: Block prostaglandin which causes inflammation, pain, + fever
Nursing Considerations:
● Can cause prolonged bleeding
○ Typically avoided in trauma + surgical clients
● Can cause peptic ulcers
● Monitor kidney fx (BUN + Creatinine)
○ NO NSAIDS - hx of peptic ulcers, unknown of bleeding, kidney problems
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
Therapeutic class: Antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic
Indication: Pain - arthritis. Stroke + MI prophylaxis
Action: Inhibits the production of prostaglandins which leads to a reduction of fever and inflammation, decreases platelet aggregation = ↓ risk of a clot that could = ischemic diseases - helps our blood not clot
Nursing Considerations:
● Risk of bleeding
○ Don’t administer w/ other anticoagulants
○ D/c 5-7 days prior to surgery
● Caution with pediatric clients
○ Reye’s syndrome can occur w/ viral infections
○ Only time it’s commonly used in peds: Kawasaki’s disease
Opioids
● Morphine*
● Fentanyl
● Hydromorphone
● Oxycodone
Morphine
Therapeutic class: Opioid analgesic
Indication: Pain
Action: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS + alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS
Nursing Considerations:
● Common side effect: constipation
● CNS depressant
○ Decreased respiration, decreased heart rate, constipation, etc. (everything slows down) - can lead to resp. arrest
○ Usually put on a bowel regimen w/ meds
○ Monitor respiratory rate
● Antidote = naloxone
