Antihypertensives/Vasodilators

Question 1

ACE Inhibitors (-pril)

Answer 1

Captopril, enalapril*, lisinopril

Indication: Hypertension, CHF

Action: Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, ↑ renin levels
and ↓ aldosterone = vasodilation

Nursing Considerations:
● Can cause a dry cough (swell of lips + tongue) - should be discontinued if it does
● Monitor BP
● Contraindicated during pregnancy

Question 2

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Answer 2

Losartan*

Indication: hypertension, DM neuropathy, CHF

Action: inhibits vasoconstrictive properties of angiotensin II

Nursing Considerations:
  ● Monitor BP
  ● Monitor fluid levels
  ● Monitor renal and liver status
  ● Contraindicated during pregnancy

Question 3

Calcium Channel Blockers (-pine, -mil)

Answer 3

Amlodipine*, nifedipine verapamil

Indication: Hypertension, angina

Action: Blocks transport of calcium into muscle cells inhibiting excitation and contraction = peripheral vasodilation

Nursing Considerations:
  ● Avoid grapefruit
   ○ Blocks the enzyme involved in metabolizing calcium channel blockers = levels ↑ 
  ● Monitor BP - orthostatic hypotension
  ● Can cause gingival hyperplasia

Question 4

Direct Acting Vasodilators

Answer 4

Nitroglycerin, hydralazine

Antihypertensive crisis, autonomic dysreflexia, preeclampsia