Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSKJaz > non neoplastic pathology > Flashcards

non neoplastic pathology Flashcards

1
Q

histology of all CT disease =

diagnose by ___

A

chronic inflam with lots of plasma cells

autoIgs as commonly they are immune driven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

secondary vasculitis is caused by ___

A

vessels are proximal to source of inflammation and it spreads to the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

direct invasion and inflammation of the vessel walls can be caused by __

A

infection eg syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

specific autoIg for Kawasaki’s disease

A

anti endothelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cANCA: c stands for ___ and reacts with __

A

cytoplasmic

PR3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pANCA: p stands for ___ and reacts with __

A

perinuclear

MPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

large vessel vasculitis = _____ disease

eg.s (2)

A

granulomatous disease
GCA
Takayasu arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medium vessel vasculitis = ___ eg. __

or ___ eg. ___

A

immune complex mediated eg. polyarteritis nodosa

anti-endothelial cell Igs eg. Kawasakis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

small vessel vasculitis with paucity of immune complexes (3 types)

A

vasculitis wo granuloma/asthma = microscopic polyangitis
granulomas no asthma = GPA
eosinophilia, asthma, granulomas = EPGA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

features = temporal arteritis which is __ and so -ve biopsy doesnt rule out
condition =

A

segmental

GPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

give ___ prior to temporal artery biopsy in GPA

A

steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis of \_\_ vessels and is ANCA \_\_\_
presumed due to \_\_ as 1/3 are +ve for these
A

medium
-ve
circulating hep B immune complexes and Ig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

polyarteritis nodosa spares __ and has a propensity for __+__ involvement
features of vessels involved = __+__

A

spares lungs
renal and GI
transmural necrotising inflam + fibrinoid necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

immune complex mediated small vessel vasculitis eg.s (4)

A

SLE vasculitis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA)
Cryoglobulin vasculitis
Goodpasture’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

uric acid is end product of __

A

purine (A+G) degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of gout that are caused by too much uric acid being produced

A 
90% idiopathic with unknown enzyme defect
HGPRT defect ( rare = Lysch-Nyhan syndrome)
increased cell turnover - malig, psoriasis, chemo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of gout due to excrete too little uric acid =

A

thiazides

renal impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

uric acid crystals deposit in __ and ___ in gout

A

joints in lower temp

kidney tubules and interstitium (can also cause renal stones)

19
Q

uric acid crystal appearance on microscopy of fresh specimen

A

needle shaped and negative bifringence

20
Q

-ve bifringence means the orientation of the crystals =

A

left

21
Q

apple green bifringence with congo red staining =

A

amyloid protein

22
Q

pseudogout aka

caused by ___ crystals

A

chondrocalcinosis

calcium pyrophosphatase

23
Q

rhomboid shaped and weakly +ve bifrengence crystals =

A

calcium pyrophosphate

24
Q

increased osteoclast activity causing increased osteoblast activity is the underlying problem in

A

Pagets

25
Q

genetic elements of Pagets =

A

SQSTM1/p62

RANKL - osteoclast receptor activator

26
Q

Pagets can be caused be a ___ infection eg (3) or idiopathic

A

viral - paromyxovirus, measles ( nucleocapsid protein MVNP seems to stim osteoclasts) + RSV

27
Q

3 stages of Pagets = __>__>__

A

osteolytic > mixed > burnt out

28
Q

leontiasis ossea =

seen in __

A

overgrowth of facial and cranial bones seen in Pagets

also fibrous dysplasia, hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy

29
Q

platybasia =

seen in __

A

abnormal flattening of the skull base

Pagets

30
Q

sabre tibia is seen in what condition

A

Pagets

31
Q

Pagets causes __ metabolism = __ skin, ____ HF

and increases ___ risk

A

increased - warm skin, high volume HF

osteosarcoma

32
Q

rickety rosary =

sign seen =

A

2 lines in ribs with the abnormal one at the costochondral junction
Rickets

33
Q

bowed legs, square head, pigeon chest and rickety rosary are signs in

A

Rickets

34
Q

>____ (fibrin mesh)> ___ cell influx > ___ release > ___ cells from periosteum and medulla > __ (1wk) = ___ and remodelling at bone ends > 2-3 wk reach ___ -woven bone deposited ___ to cortical bone, some __ deposited which undergoes ___, bridging with ___ > remodelled

A 
hamartoma
inflammatory cell
cytokine
osteoprogenitor
callus = organised hamartoma
cartilage - endochondral ossification
bony callus
35
Q

kidney lung and breast mets to bone are usually osteo___

A

osteolytic

36
Q

osteoclerotic metastasis =

A

prostate

37
Q

creeping substitution on histology is a feature of

A

AVN

38
Q

AVN is usually a ___ infarct and often __

A

wedge-shaped infarct

subcortical

39
Q

bony lesions caused by proliferation of plasma cells

A

myeloma/plasmacytoma

40
Q

polished bone in OA other name =

A

eburnated bone

41
Q

small cracks in cartilage seen in the early stages of OA =

A

fibrillations

42
Q

4 radiological features of OA =

A

Loss of joint space = cartilage loss
Subchondral sclerosis = eburnation
Subchondral cysts = Synovial fluid accumulation
Osteophytes = disorganised bone remodelling

43
Q

RA: AI process = ____ and so there are lots of ___

A

RF IgM - plasma cells that produce this

44
Q

in RA ___ is destroyed by inflammatory process and ___ is formed = __+__

A

cartilage destroyed

pannus - inflammatory cells and hyperplastic synovium

MSKJaz (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions