Lower Limb Flashcards
typical lower limb sites of impacted #s
on xray appears
femoral neck
tibial plateau
calcaneus
sclerotic
for all polytrauma mode of imaging is
CT
if pelvis is the sole site of injuring imaging =
xray
Ix of choice for low E (elderly osteoporotic) pelvic fractures
MRI
typical sites that low E pelvic #s affect
sacrum and pubic rami
imaging that shows acute injury to superficial soft tissue
US
Best Ix for pelvic soft tissue injury
what can it show
MRI
blood/fluid in torn tendons
hip usually dislocates ___ with a ___ #
imaging for Sx planning =
posteriorly
pelvic rim #
CT
intracapsular proximal femur #s interfere with ___ and so prone to +
Rx =
blood supply
AVN+non union
hemiarthroplasty (if young and undisplaced = reduce and screw fixate)
extracapsular proximal femur # Rx =
internally fixate with DHS
lipohaemarthrosis under patellar/quad tendon is a sign of
intra articular #
80% of tibial plateau #s affect ___ after ___ force with foot ___
lateral condyle
valgus
planted
tibial plateau fractures imaging =
CT
extensor mechanism injuries imaging =
US
for acute knee trauma eg. meniscal tears, undisplaced #s, ligament and hyaline cartilage injury imaging =
MRI
spiral # of prox 1/3 of fibula + tear of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and interosseous membrane + medial malleolus #/deep deltoid lig rupture =
Maisonneuve #
talar dome margin # are caused by excessive __/__
in/eversion of ankle
5th MT base # tend to be ___ #s
caused by ___
seen on __ xray
transverse
inversion
lateral
calcaneal # mechanism of injury =
axial compression
measure the central peak of the calcaneus using ____
Bohler’s angle
fracture mimic in the 5th MT
which age group
5th MT longitudinal accessory ossification centre
adolescence
fracture mimic in calcaneus
which age group
fragmented accessory ossification centre on posterior calcaneus
kids
fracture mimic that is often visible posterior to distal femur
fabella = sesamoid bone in lateral head of gastroc
fracture mimic often seen posterior to talus
os trigonum - accessory ossification centre
rounded sesamoids in the foot are almost invariably seen on __+___ of ___ head
medial and lateral plantar aspect of 1st MT head
imaging of ankle tendon injury that is easier for ptnts and allows dynamic testing
US
Lisfranc #s are best shown on what imaging
CT
groups at risk of knee extensor mechanism injury
middle age runners and jumpers
steroid/abx users
diabetics
signs of knee extensor mechanism injury seen on xray =
effusion/displaced patella
Rx for knee extensor mechanism rupture =
Sx repair and physio
traction apophysitis at the tibial tubercle (patellar tendon insertion) =
Osgood-Schlatter’s
Osgood Schlatters tends to affect this group of people =
leaves a ___
adolescent active male
prominent bony lump
increases risk of achilles tendon rupture (3)
RA, steroids, tendonitis
+ve Simmonds test =
for __
lie patient on their front and squeeze calf => no plantarflexion
Achilles tendon rupture
Ix for achilles tendon injury =
US/MRI
Rx for achilles tendon tear =
plaster/ Sx repair
Tibialis posterior rupture progression:
___>progressive ___> rupture > progressive ___ + __
tenosynovitis
elongation
flat foot + valgus hindfoot
Rx for tibialis posterior
NSAIDs
cast
inject
debrids may => tendon transfer
