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MSKJaz > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

number of vertebrae =

how many of each type?

A 
33
7C
12T
5L
5S (fused)
4Co (fused)
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2
Q

vertebra with odontoid process

A

C2

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3
Q

vertebra with no body =

A

C1

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4
Q

vertebra prominens =

it has no ___

A

C7

no transverse foramen

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5
Q

types of movement at facet joints

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion

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6
Q

part of spine with most movement =

this is because it has the most ___ facet joints

A

C

horizontal

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7
Q

less flexion and extension in T spine due to

A

ribs

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8
Q

rotation at L spine is less than at T because

A

more vertebral facets

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9
Q

spondylosis =

=>

A

intervertebral disca lose H2O with age

=> overload facet joints and 2ndry OA

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10
Q

spinal pain in spondylosis is worse on ___

A

spine extension

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11
Q

Rx that can help with non-multilevel spondylosis =

A

facet joint injections under fluoroscopy

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12
Q

IV disc degeneration is most frequent at these 2 levels

A

L4/5

L5/S1

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13
Q

acute prolapse of IV discs is most frequent at these two levels

A

L4/5

L5/S1

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14
Q

acute IV disc prolapse is usually caused by __ motion -> __ tear = “twang” as is richly innervated > pain on __
most resolve in ___

A

lifting
annulus
coughing
3 months

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15
Q

in spinal cord motor neurones originate ___ , their bodies lie in ___

A

anteriorly

anterior grey horn

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16
Q

in spinal cord sensory neurones originate ___, their bodies lie in ___

A

dorsally

dorsal root ganglion

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17
Q

motor and sensory neurones from spinal cord combine in ___

A

nerve root

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18
Q

mixed nerve roots > mixed ___ > exit spinal collumn via ___

A

spinal nerve

IV foramen

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19
Q

spinal cord ends at ___ level => ___

A

L1

cauda equina

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20
Q

weakness, spasticity, increased tone and hyperreflexia are signs of a __

A

UMN lesion

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21
Q

weakness, flaccidity, decreased reflexes are signs of a ___

A

LMN lesion

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22
Q

2 pairs of nerve roots at each level in cauda equina =

A

exiting nerve root

traversing nerve root

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23
Q

in cauda equina exiting nerve root lies _____ and exits ___ of ___

A

outside thecal sac

under pedicle of corresponding vertebra

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24
Q

in cauda equina traversing nerve root lies ___ but ___ ( in __ recess) and becomes next levels ___

A

in thecal sac
anteriorly in lateral recess
exiting nerve root

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25
Q

in prolapsed IV disc exiting or traversing nerve root is more commonly compressed?

A

traversing

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26
Q

in a far lateral prolapse IV disc the ___ may be compressed

A

exiting nerve root

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27
Q

if nerve root that goes on to form the sciatic nerve is compressed =>

A

sciatica

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28
Q

signs of a prolapsed IV disc causing spinal cord/nerve root compression

A

radiculopathy (pain down dermatome)
sciatica
weakness in myotome
decreased reflexes

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29
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for hip flexion

A

L2,3

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30
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for hip extension

A

L5, S1

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31
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for knee flexion

A

L5, S1

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32
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for knee extension

A

L3, 4

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33
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for ankle dorsiflexion

A

L4, 5

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34
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for ankle plantarflexion

A

S1,2

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35
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for ankle inversion

A

L4,5

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36
Q

spinal nerves that supply the myotome for ankle eversion

A

L5, S1

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37
Q

nerve roots compressed by osteophytes + hypertrophied ligaments in OA =>

A

spinal stenosis

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38
Q

s+s of spinal stenosis

A

radiculopathy/ neurogenic claudication

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39
Q

features of neurogenic claudication

A

burning
inconsistent distance
better uphill
no quick relief on rest

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40
Q

cauda equina syndrome =

A

pressure on all lumbosacral nerve roots - including those for bowel and bladder control

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41
Q

s+s of cauda equina syndrome

A

bilateral LMN signs
bladder and bowel dysfunction
saddle anaesthesia
loss of anal tone

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42
Q

erector spinae muscles (3)

A

iliocostalis
longissimus thoracis
spinalis thoracis

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43
Q

5 spinal ligaments =

A 
anterior longitudinal ligaments
posterior longitudinal ligaments
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous ligaments
interspinous ligaments
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44
Q

of vertebral body + posterior longitudinal ligaments disrupted =

A

Chance # - v unstable and may need stabilised

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45
Q

level a lumbar puncture is taken at

must puncture the __

A

posterior iliac crest L4

ligamentum flavum

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46
Q

spinal anaesthesia is administered at which spinal level

must puncture the __

A

PSIS S2

ligamentum flavum

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47
Q

Sx options for sciatica or leg pain if not settled with ___ of management

A

discectomy/decompression

3 months

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48
Q

To be eligible for Sx for sciatic must have ++_

A

clinical s+s

+ve MRI (on its own can be a false +ve)

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49
Q

nerves at risk in pelvic #s

A

pudendal and pelvic splanchnic (bowel and bladder

sciatic

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50
Q

3 ligaments of pelvis

A

sacrospinous
posterior SI
sacrotuberous

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51
Q

superior larger pelvic bone =

A

ilium

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52
Q

head of femur has a ___ blood supply.

____ arteries susceptible to damage in intracapsular hip #s

A

retrograde

retinacular

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53
Q

ring anastamoses of femur lies at ___ where ___ inserts

A

base of neck

capsule

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54
Q

gluteus medius and minimus movement =

A

hip abduction

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55
Q

gluteus maximus movement =

A

hip extension and external rotation

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56
Q

quadriceps are supplied by which nerve ___

do ___ if suspect rupture

A

femoral

SLT

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57
Q

biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semi tendinosus supplied by which nerve

A

sciatic

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58
Q

adductors of the hip are supplied by which nerve

it is responsible for referred pain from __ to __

A

obturator

hip to knee

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59
Q

adductor hiatus in medial thigh contains

A

femoral artery and vein (pass through Hunters/subsartorial canal -> popliteal fossa)
and saphenous nerve

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60
Q

4 knee bursae

A

suprapatellar
infrapatellar
prepatellar
pes ansinerine

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61
Q

anterior compartment muscle of the leg are supplied by which nerve

A

deep peroneal /fibular nerve

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62
Q

lateral compartment muscles of the leg are supplied by which nerve

A

superficial peroneal

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63
Q

posterior compartment muscles of the leg are supplied by the ___ nerve

A

tibial

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64
Q

medial lig in ankle -

laterals = (6)

A 
medial = deltoid lig
lateral = calcaneofibular
lateral talocalcaneal
ant + ant inf + post tibiofibular
syndesmotic/interosseous
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65
Q

if have talar shift Rx =

A

fix with screws

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66
Q

lisfranc joints =

A

tarsometatarsal joints

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67
Q

Chopart joint =

A

midtarsal joint (talus to navicular and cuboid)

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68
Q

pronation of the foot =++_

A

eversion, abduction and dorsiflexion

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69
Q

supination of the foot = ++_

A

inversion, adduction and plantarflexion

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70
Q

medial arch is formed by __+__

A

tibialis posterior and plantar fascia

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71
Q

lumbricals assist ___ at MTPJ and ___ of DIP and PIPJ

A

flexion MTPJ

extension D/PIPJ

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72
Q

2 joints of shoulder

A

acromioclavicular

glenohumeral

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73
Q

stabilisers of shoulder girdle =

A

capsule, rotator cuff and labrum

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74
Q

causes of shoulder impingement =

A

tendonitis
cuff tear
subacromial bursitis
ACJ osteophytes

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75
Q

labrum prevents humeral head ___

A

external rotation

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76
Q

Bankart lesion =

A

anterior shoulder dislocation with labrum detachment

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77
Q

if recurrent dislocation rx =

A

labrum repair

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78
Q

the most common nerve injured in anterior dislocation of the shoulder
which site?

A

axillary nerve at quadrangular space

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79
Q

badge patch sensation is by __

A

axillary nerve

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80
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation can press on __/___

A

axilalry artery

brachial plexus

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81
Q

frozen shoulder aka
loss of ___ esp ___
can inject ___ when painful

A

adhesive capsulitis
ROM- external rotation
glenohumeral joint

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82
Q

if ___ is ruptured then ACJ becomes vv displaced

A

coracoclavicular ligaments

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83
Q

anterior muscles of arm and lateral forearm sensation = ___ nerve

A

musculocutaneous

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84
Q

strongest elbow flexor =

A

brachialis

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85
Q

strongest forearm supinator =

A

biceps brachii

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86
Q

anterior arm muscles =

A

brachialis, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

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87
Q

supplies all extensors of the upper limb =

if damaged =>

A

radial nerve

wrist drop

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88
Q

___ is susceptible to stretch injury in humeral shaft #

A

radial nerve

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89
Q

trochlea and olecranon are involved in which joint?

A

humero-ulnar

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90
Q

2 joints of the elbow =

A

humeroulnar

radiocapitellar

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91
Q

common flexor origin of the forearm =

A

medial epicondyle

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92
Q

medial epicondylitis =

A

Golfer’s elbow

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93
Q

common extensor origin of the forearm =

A

lateral epicondyle

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94
Q

lateral epiconylitis =

A

Tennis elbow

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95
Q

supracondylar # risks ___ +____

A

brachial artery occlusion

median nerve injury (+radial and ulnar n too)

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96
Q

ulnar # with radio-capitellar dislocation =

A

Monteggia #

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97
Q

radial # with distal radio-ulnar dislocation =

A

Galeazzi #

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98
Q

anterior forearm is supplied by ___ nerve except FCU and ___ 1/2 of FDP = ___ nerve

A

median

ulnar x2

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99
Q

flexor tendon sheaths in hand are covered in __+___ parts of fibrous sheaths

A

annular and cruriform

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100
Q

trigger finger =

A

nodule (synovitis) of flexor tendon sheath => inflammed pulley and can’t get past

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101
Q

Rx of trigger finger =

A

divide pulley

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102
Q

intrinsic muscle of the hand are all supplied by __ nerve

apart from ___ muscles = __ nerve

A

ulnar
LOAF Lumbricals 1 & 2, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis and Flexor pollicis brevis (OAF = thenar eminence) = median nerve

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103
Q

FDS movement

A

flexion of PIPJ > MCPJ

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104
Q

FDP movement =

A

flexion DIPJ

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105
Q

central slip extensor tendon movement =

A

PIPJ extension

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106
Q

latereal slips extensor tendons converge to cause __

A

DIPJ extension

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107
Q

interossei and lumbricals insert into ____ and contribute to which two movements?

A

lateral bands
MCPJ flexion
PIPJ extension

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108
Q

central slip extensor tendon rupture or attrition =

A

Boutonniere deformity

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109
Q

PIPJ volar plate rupture/attrition, intrinsic muscle tightness =

A

Swan neck deformity

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110
Q

testing nerves: abductor pollicis brevis (press) and OK sign (FPL+FDP) = __ nerve

A

median nerve ( + anterior interosseous branch)

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111
Q

testing nerves: 1st dorsal interosseous, Froment’s test (thumb pinch paper and pull) adductor pollicis = ___ nerve

A

ulnar

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112
Q

testing nerves = triceps, wrist flexion and extension, extend thumb = __ nerve

A

radial

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113
Q

superficial gluteal muscles and their function

A

gluteus maximus (extensors)
medius (Abductor and medial rotator)
minimus (Abd + medial rotation)
tensor fascia (abductor)

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114
Q

gluteus maximus is supplied by ___ nerve

A

inferior gluteus

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115
Q

gluteus minimus + medius and tensor fascia lata are supplied by ___ nerve

A

superficial gluteal

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116
Q

deep muscles of the gluteal region and their function =

A 
piriformis
obturator internus
gemelli
quadratus femori
lateral rotator and hip stabiliser
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117
Q

piriformis
obturator internus
gemelli
quadratus femori are supplied by ___ (nerves)

A

sacral plexus

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118
Q

nerves enter into gluteal region via:

enter into perineum via:

A 
gluteal = greater sciatic foramen
perineum = lesser
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119
Q

aim for the supralateral quadrant of gluteal region for ___

A

injections

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120
Q

Sciatic = __-___ nerves

supplies __, all ___ and most of skin via ___

A

L4-S3
posterior thigh
all leg and foot muscles
tibia and common fibular branches

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121
Q

pudendal nerve (__-___) supplies ____ out via __ and in via ____

A

S2-4
perineum
out = greater sciatic foramen
in = lesser sciatic foramen

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122
Q

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh ( __-___) supplies skin over ____, ____, __ + ___

A 
S1-3
posterior thigh skin
popliteal fossa
lateral perineum
upper medial thigh
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123
Q

scaitic nerve usually exits gluteal region inferior to ___ and is the most ___ nerve exiting the greater sciatic foramen

A

piriformis

lateral

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124
Q

larger and medial branch off of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial

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125
Q

superior border of femoral triangle

A

inguinal lig

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126
Q

medial border of femoral triangle

A

lateral border of adductor longus

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127
Q

lateral border of femoral triangle

A

medial border of sartorius

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128
Q

floor of femoral triangle =

A

iliopsoas (lateral)

pectineus (medial)

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129
Q

roof of femoral triangle =

A

fascia lata

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130
Q

lateral to medial the contents of the femoral triangle

A

Femoral: Nerve, Artery Vein lYmphatics

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131
Q

anterior compartment of thigh contains __+___ muscles
all supplied by __ nerve (-)
apart from ___ = - nerves

A

flexors of thigh and extensors of leg
femoral (L2-4)
psoas major = L1-3

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132
Q

flexors of the thigh in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

pectineus
iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)
sartorius
rectus femoris

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133
Q

extensors of leg in anterior thigh compartment

A

Quads (vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius, rectus femoris)

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134
Q

medial compartment of the thigh contains ___ muscles
all supplied by __ nerve (-)
apart from __ part of ___ = ___ nerve

A

adductors of the thigh
obturator (L2-4)
hamstring part of adductor magnus = tibial nerve

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135
Q

adductors of the thigh in medial compartment of the thigh

A

adductor longus, brevis and magnus
gracilis
obturator externus

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136
Q

Posterior compartment of thigh contains +__ muscles
all supplied by __ nerve (-_)
apart from ____ = ___ nerve

A

extensors of thigh
flexors of leg
tibial nerve (L5-S2)
short head biceps femoris = common fibular

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137
Q

extensors of thigh and flexors of the leg in posterior compartment of the thigh

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

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138
Q

anterior compartment of the leg muscles’ functions -

supplied by ___ nerve (+)

A 
dorsiflexors and extensors of toe
deep fibular (L4+5)
139
Q

anterior muscles of the leg =

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitalis
hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

140
Q

lateral compartment of the leg muscles’ functions and nerve supply

A

evert foot and weakly plantarflex

superficial fibular nerve (L5 - S2)

141
Q

lateral muscles of the leg =

A

fibularis brevis and longus

142
Q

nerve supply to posterior leg compartment

A

tibial nerve

143
Q

superficial posterior leg muscles function =

muscles =

A

plantarflexors
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

144
Q 
deep posterior leg muscles =
function =
A

popliteus
flexor hallucis and digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

145
Q

superolateral border of popliteus fossa

A

biceps femoris

146
Q

superomedial border of popliteus fossa

A

semimembranous

147
Q

inferior border of popliteal fossa =

A

both heads of gastrocnemius

148
Q

roof of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal fascia

149
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

fat
terminal small saphenous vein (dives in to join femoral)
popliteal vessels
tibial and common fibular nerves

150
Q

superficial lymphatics of the leg follow the ____ to the ___ nodes to the ____ nodes

A

saphenous veins
superficial inguinal nodes
external iliac

151
Q

deep lymphatics of the leg follow ___ to __ nodes to ___ nodes to ___ nodes

A

deep veins
popliteal nodes
deep inguinal nodes
external iliac

152
Q

external iliac nodes drain to ___ nodes to ___ lymphatics

A

common iliac nodes

lumbar

153
Q

ligaments of the hip joint (spiral from pelvis to femur)

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

154
Q

ligament to head of femus =

A

ligamentum teres

155
Q

blood supply to hip joint = ___> _+___ >___ arteries

A

deep femoral artery
medial and lateral cicrumflexes
retinacular

156
Q

artery to head of femur = branch of _____ travels in ___

A

obturator artery

ligamentum teres

157
Q

3 articulations in the knee joint

A

2x tibiofemoral

patellofemoral

158
Q

achilles tendon is the tendon of __+__ and attaches to ___

ankle jerk norm reflex = ___ and tests nerve roots ___

A

gastroc and soleus
calcaneal tuberosity
plantarflex (S1+2)

159
Q

femoral sheath envelopes _+__ is a short tube of __+__ fascia from abdo wall for proximal sheath => blends with vessel adventitia

A

femoral artery and vein

transversalis and iliopsoas

160
Q

femoral nerve branches into ___ (sensory) to leave adductor canal between __+__
supplies
accompanies

A 
saphenous nerve
gracilis and sartorius
fascia+skin anteromedial of knee and leg
medial foot
great saphenous vein
161
Q

circumflex arteries pass __ to femoral neck and hip joint capsule
emerge from ___ artery

A

superiorly

profunda femoris

162
Q

inguinal lig lies at the inferior border of ____

runs between __+__

A

external oblique aponeuosis

ASIS and pubic tubercle

163
Q

attachments of iliopsoas

A

proximally = iliac fossa (iliacus)
lumbar transverse process/IV discs (psoas)
distal = lesser trochanter of femur

164
Q

sartorius attachments =

A

ASIS

medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus

165
Q

most medial of adductor group of muscles in thigh =

A

gracilis

166
Q

only hamstring to cross knee and hip =

A

gracilis

167
Q

adductor brevis and longus lie __ to magnus and brevis lies ___ to longus

A

anterior

superior

168
Q

attachments of adductor thigh muscles

A

prox = pubis, ischiopubic ramus
hamstring part of magnus -> ischial tuberosity
distal = posterior surface of femur shaft along linea aspera
adductor part of magnus > adductor tubercle of tibia

169
Q

obturator nerve a+v enter medial thigh compartment via ___ of hip bone

A

obturator foramen

170
Q

obturator nerve divides into ant and post branches at ____

A

adductor brevis upper border

171
Q

anterior branch of obturator nerve lies with ___ anteriorly and ___ posteriorly
in ___ part of medial compartment of thigh

A

anteriorly = adductor longus
posteriorly = adductor brevis
superior

172
Q

sensory innervation of the thigh = (3)

A

anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (femoral branch (L2-4)
lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (lumbosacral plexus branch (L2-3)
cutaneous branch of obturator nerve (L2-4)

173
Q

lymph follows great saphenous drains to ___ nodes > ___ nodes

A

superficial inguinal nodes

externaliliac nerves

174
Q

lymph follows small saphenous veins to __ nodes > ___ nodes > ___ nodes

A

popliteal nodes
deep inguinal nodes
external iliac nodes

175
Q

gluteus maximus attachments =

A 
iliac crest
sacrum
sacrotuberosity
coccyx
iliotibeal tract
gluteal tuberosity of femur
176
Q

attachment of glueteus medius and minimus

A

external/gluteal/post aspect of ilium

anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur

177
Q

__+__ = functions of gluteus medius and minimus

A

abduct and internally rotate

178
Q

inferior gluteal bundle contains:
supplies __
and lies ___ to it

A

inf gluteal nerve (L5 - S2), artery and vein
gluteus maximus
deep

179
Q

superior gluteal bundle contains:
supplies
and lies __ to ___

A

superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve(L5-S2)
supplies: gluteus medius and minimus
deep to medius

180
Q

iliotibial tract = ____

runs from __ to _____

A

fascia lata
ASIS
lateral aspect of lateral tibial condyle at Gerdy tubercle

181
Q

Sciatic (__-___) forms in ____ of pelvis and emerges into ___ of gluteal region

A

L4-S3
lumbosacral plexus
middle

182
Q

pudendal (__-__) forms in ____ in pelvis

block is for ___ procedures

A

S2-4
sacral plexus
obstetric

183
Q

PCNT (__-__) forms in ___ emerges ___ of gluteal region

___ nerve with __+__ fibres

A 
S1-3
sacral
middle
somatic
sensory and sympathetic
184
Q

take lumbar puncture from ___ level with patient on their side and knees up to chin

A

L3/4

185
Q

conus medullaris ends at ___

A

L1/2

186
Q

lateral head of biceps femoris distally attaches to ____

other 3 hamstring muscles attach to ___

A

lateral aspect of fibular head

ischial tuberosity

187
Q

3 reasons why the short head of the biceps femoris isnt a true hamstring muscle

A

doesnt cross the hip
attaches prox to linea aspera of femur
supplied by common fibular nerve

188
Q

ligamentum teres attaches __ to ___

A

head of femur to depth of acetabulum

189
Q

small saphenous vein end at the ___

A

popliteal fossa

190
Q

popliteal vein is a continuation of

A

posterior tibial vein

191
Q

neurovascular bundle contents of popliteal fossa superficial to deep:

A 
tibial nerve
popliteal vein  (lymph nodes next to vein) + artery
192
Q

common fibular nerve skirts lateral border of ___, deep to ___ tendon and leaves ___ between that tendon and lateral head of ____ -> ___ and winds down => __+__ nerves

A 
popliteal fossa
biceps femoris
fossa
gastroc
fibular neck
deep and superficial fibular nerves
193
Q 
sural nerves lie in \_\_\_
supply 
tibial branches to =
common fibular branches to = 
communicate via \_\_\_
A 
popliteal fossa
posterolateral skin and fascia of leg and foot
medial sural cutaneous nerve
lateral scn
sural communicating branch
194
Q

__+___ combine to form sural nerve -> leaves popliteal fossa and goes beside ___ in superficial fascia of post leg

A

medial scn and sural communicating branch

small saphenous vein

195
Q

in popliteal fossa tibial nerve gives branches to ___+___+__

A

two heads of gastroc
plantaris
popliteus

196
Q

popliteus lies __ to plantaris

A

deep

197
Q

plantaris lies __ to __ head of gastroc

A

deep

lateral

198
Q

need __ flexion and ___ to feel popliteal pulse

A

30 degree

relaxed hamstrings

199
Q

leaving posterior compartment to sole by passing posterior to medial malleolus and deep to flexor retinaculum = (anterior to posteriorly)

A 
Tom Dick ANd Harry
tendons of Tibialis post, fDl, 
posterior tibial Artery
tibial Nerve
tendon of fHl
200
Q

gastroc is a weak __ and powerful __+__

A

knee flexor

ankle plantar and flexor

201
Q

soleus attachments =

A

neck of fibula

soleal line of tibia and calcaneus

202
Q

gastroc attachments

A

calcaneus

medial and lateral femoral condyles

203
Q

FHL FDL and TP attach proximally to tibia ___, ___ of fibula and ____

A

inferior to soleal line
midshaft
interosseous membrane

204
Q

distally Tibialis posterior attaches to

A

tarsal bones

205
Q

distally FDL attaches to

A

distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

206
Q

distally FHL attaches to

A

distal phalanx of great toe

207
Q

ant tibial artery pierces ___ to supply __ compartment of leg

A

interosseous membrane

anterior

208
Q

___ nerve supplies all compartments and intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Sciatic

209
Q

flexion of the knee = __+__ muscles and __+__ nerves

A

hamstrings and gastroc

tibial and common fibular nerve

210
Q

extension of knee is by __ muscle + __ nerve

A

quadriceps

femoral

211
Q

when 90degree flexed medial rotation of the knee is by __+__ muscles and __+___ nerves

A

hamstring and gracilis

tibial and obturator

212
Q

when 90 degrees flexed lateral rotation of the knee is by ___ muscle + + nerves

A

biceps femoris

tibial and common fibular nerve

213
Q

menisci are thicker ___ where attach to ___

A

peripherally

fibrous capsule

214
Q

menisci are point attached __+__ to ___ area

inner areas are unattached to bone and v thin

A

anterior and posterior

tibial intercondylar area

215
Q

medial menisci attaches to

A

MCL

216
Q

unhappy triad =

A

MCL and ACL rupture with medial meniscal tear

217
Q

ACL passes ++_ to lateral femoral condyle

A

superior
lateral
posterior

218
Q

PCL lies ___ to ACL passes __+__ to medial femoral condyle

A

medial

superior and anterior

219
Q

massage test tests

A

suprapatellar bursa

220
Q

superficial fibular nerve supplies ___

A

lateral compartment leg muscles

skin+ fascia of foot dorsum

221
Q

deep fibular nerve supplies __+__

A

anterior compartment leg muscles + 1st interdigital cleft skin

222
Q

muscles of anterior leg attach to ++_ proximally

A

tibia
fibula
interosseous membrane

223
Q

Tibialis anterior distal attachments

A

base of 1st MT and medial cuneiform

224
Q

distal attachment of EHL

A

distal phalanges of big toe

225
Q

fibularis tertius distal attachment

A

base of 5th MT

226
Q

dorsiflexion of ankle great toe and digits + inversion of foot is the function of __+__

A

tibialis anterior and posterior

227
Q

eversion of the foot is the function of

A

fibularis tertius, fibularis longus and brevis

228
Q

fibularis longus and brevis attach to __+__+___

A

fibula

plantar surface of base of 1st (longus) and 5th MT (brevis)

229
Q

subtalar joint = __+__

A

talus and calcaneus

230
Q

midtarsal joints =

are __ joints and function =

A

calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular
synovial
inversion and eversion

231
Q

tarsometatarsal J are between:

A

cuneiforms and cuboid to MTs

232
Q

MTPJ are ___ joints

functions =

A

synovial
flexion, extension
abduction adduction and circumduction of digits

233
Q

IPJs in foot are __ ___ joints and movements =

A

synovial
hinge
flexion
extension

234
Q

medial longitudinal arch is formed by which bones

A 
calcaneus
talus 
navicular
3 cuneiforms
1-3 MTs
235
Q

medial longitudinal arch is supported by ___ and attachments of __+__

A

FHL

fibularis longus + tib ant

236
Q

lateral longitudinal arch bones =

A

calcaneus
cuboid
MT 4+5

237
Q

transverse arch of the foot bones =

supported by

A

cuboid cuneiform and 5MTs

fibularis longus, tib post

238
Q

intrinsic muscles of the foot:
__ layers of the sole (movement = __)
__ interossei between MTs (__/__ toes)
__ dorsal muscles = ___ of the toes

A 
3 = flexion
7 = ab/adduct
2 = short extensors
239
Q

dorsalis pedis is from the ___ artery
pulse felt __ to ___
branches => ___ artery on dorsum

A

anterior tibial
lateral
EHL tendon
arcuate

240
Q

medial and lateral plantar arteries are from ___ artery

contribute to ___

A

posterior tibial

deep plantar arch

241
Q

deep plantar arch + arcuate artery => ____ arteries > ___ arteries (4 per toe)

A

MT

digital

242
Q

superficial veins of the foot:

___ > __+__ saphenous veins

A

dorsal venous arch

great (medial) small (lateral)

243
Q

deep veins of the foot:

accompany __ of the foot = ++_ veins

A

arteries

anterior and posterior tibial + fibular veins

244
Q

motor nerve to muscles of the foot sole =

A

tibial nerve

245
Q

motor nerve to foot dorsum muscles =

A

deep fibular

246
Q

sensory nerves (4) to foot dorsum =

A

mainly superficial fibular nerve
deep fibular (first interdigital cleft)
sural (prox lat border)
saphenous (prox medial border)

247
Q

plantar foot sensory nerves (3)

A

tibial (medial and lateral plantar) to heel and majority of sole
sural - prox lat border
saphenous - prox medial border

248
Q

forearm has ++_ compartments

A

ant
post
lateral

249
Q

anterior compartment of arm artery, vein and muscular nerve

A

brachial a+v

musculocutaneous

250
Q

posterior compartment of the arm artery, vein and muscular nerve

A

profunda brachii a +v

radial nerve

251
Q

anterior compartment forearm artery, vein and nerve

A

radial and ulnar arteries
venae comitantes
median (ulnar for some) nerve

252
Q

posterior compartment of forearm artery vein and muscular nerve

A

interosseous artery
venae comitantes
radial nerve

253
Q

median nerve supplies __ muscles in hand

rest supplied by ___

A 
LOAF - lateral 2 lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
ulnar nerve
254
Q

upper trunk of brachial plexus = __+__

A

C5 and 6

255
Q

middle trunk of brachial plexus =

A

C7

256
Q

lower trunk of brachial plexus =

A

C8 and T1

257
Q

brachial plexus = spinal nerves __-__

A

C5 - T1

258
Q

POSTERIOR cord of brachial plexus(spinal nerves _-__) -> __+__

A

C5-T1

axillary and radial nerves

259
Q

lateral and medial cord of brachial plexus contribute to __ nerve

A

median

260
Q

lateral cord (spinal nerves -) leads to __ nerve

A

musculocutaneous

C5-7

261
Q

medial cord of brachial plexus (spinal nerves __-__) leads to __ nerve

A

C8+T1

ulnar

262
Q

arteries in the arm = subclavian >__> ___ >
i. __>deep palmar arch
ii ___ > superficial palmar arch

A

axillary
brachial
radial = deep
ulnar = superficial

263
Q

deep veins in arm

A

venae comitantes

axillary and subclavian

264
Q

venae comitantes in arm accompanies __

A

brachial artery

265
Q

veins in arm:
subclavian > ___ > ++_
median cubital lies between __+___

A

axillary
cephalic + venae comitantes + basilic
basilic + cephalic

266
Q

cephalic vein is more medial / lateral to basilic

A

lateral

267
Q

anterior compartment muscles of the arm =

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

268
Q

coracobrachialis movement

A

shoulder flexion

269
Q

biceps brachii movement =

A

supination of forearm

flexion of elbow and shoulder (weak)

270
Q

brachialis movement

A

elbow flexor

271
Q

posterior compartment of the arm muscle

movement

A

triceps

shoulder and elbow extension

272
Q

anterior compartment of forearm muscles

A

flexors and pronators (superficial and deep groups)

273
Q

movements of posterior compartment muscles

A

extensors and supinators

superficial and deep groups

274
Q

flexion of the shoulder muscles =

A

deltoid anterior fibres
pectoralis major
(+coracobrachialis and biceps brachii)

275
Q

extension of shoulder muscles =

A 
posterior deltoid fibres
teres major
(+latissimus dorsi and triceps)
276
Q 
shoulder = \_\_ dermatome
Armpit = \_\_
A

C4

T2

277
Q

axilla = the pyramid inferior to ___ and superior to ___

medial border = ___

A

shoulder joint
armpit hollow
superolateral chest wall

278
Q

anterior axillary wall =

lower border is inferior edge of _____

A

pectoralis major

anterior axillary fold

279
Q

axillary vein begins at inf border of ____

A

teres major

280
Q

___ - inferior border corresponds to inferior edge of axilla

A

Teres major

281
Q

teres minor contributes to axillary ___ wall

A

posterior

282
Q

___ artery crosses 1st rib => ____ at lateral border of 1st rib

A

subclavian

axillary

283
Q

roots and trunks of brachial plexus mainly lie between __+___ msucles at ___

A

anterior and middle scalene

root of neck

284
Q

divisions of brachial plexus lie immudiately posterior to ___ in ___

A

subclavian vessels

neck root

285
Q

brachial plexus cords lie around ___

A

axillary artery

286
Q

axillary nerve wraps around posterior of ___

A

humeral surgical neck

287
Q

radial nerve wraps round posterior of __

A

mid-shaft humerus

288
Q

part of deltoid responsible for shoulder extension

A

posterior / spinal part

289
Q

part of deltoid responsible for shoulder abduction

A

middle / acromial

290
Q

part of deltoid responsible for shoulder flexion

A

anterior / clavicular

291
Q

Ascending trapezius function =

A

scapular depression

292
Q

Middle trapezius function

A

retraction of scapula

293
Q

descending trapezius function

A

scapula elevation

294
Q

ascending and descending trapezius contract together to

A

superiorly rotate the glenoid fossa

295
Q

levator scapula function = __+__

A

elevate scapula

inferiorly rotate glenoid fossa

296
Q

rhomboid major and minor function = __-___

A

retract scapula

inferiorly rotate glenoid fossa

297
Q

teres major function = __+___

A

adduct and medially rotate shoulder

298
Q

Deltoid attachments

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle
inferior aspects of spine and acromium of scapula
humerus deltoid tuberosity

299
Q

subacromial bursa lies between __+__

A

acromion process

supraspinatus tendon

300
Q

medial post arm sensory innervation

A

C8 - T2

301
Q

tricep attachments

A

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)
superior (lateral head) and inferior (medial head) to radial groove of humerus
olecranon process of ulna

302
Q

quadrangular space is between

A 
teres minor (superiorly)
teres major (inferiorly)
triceps long head (medially)
humerus (laterally)
303
Q

Axillary nerve supplies ++_

A

badge patch
deltoid
teres minor

304
Q

axillary nerve = spinal nerves __

A

C5 +6

305
Q

radial nerve = spinal nerves __

A

C5 -T1

306
Q

SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF FOREARM POSTERIOR FUNCTIONS (2 SEPARATE GROUPS)

A

extend, abduct and adduct wrist

extend fingers

307
Q

deep layer of forearm posterior functions

A

extend and abduct thumb

supinate forearm at radioulnar J

308
Q

___ holds tendons in place across the wrist

A

flexor retinaculum

309
Q

deep radial nerve goes into __ compartment of forearm winds round __
passes through ___ and then becomes ____ to posterior compartment muscles

A

posterior
radial neck
supinator muscle
posterior interosseous

310
Q

attachments of biceps brachii

A 
supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)
coracoid process of scapula (short head)
radial tuberosity (biceps tendon)
blends with antebrachial fascia on medial oroximal forearm (bicipital aponeurosis)
311
Q

long head of biceps tendon passes superiorly to ___ of humerus > enclosed in ___ > supraglenoid tubercle

A

intertubercular sulcus

shoulder capsule

312
Q

coracobrachialis is __ to biceps and __ to brachialis

A

deep

medial

313
Q

coracobrachialis attachments =

A

coracoid process scapula

humerus

314
Q

brachialis attaches __ to ___

A

humerus

coronoid process of ulna

315
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part (4th and 5th digits) of flexor digitorum profundus are only ant compartment forearm muscles supplied by __

A

ulnar nerve

316
Q

actions of the muscles in the anterior forearm

A

flex, abduct and adduct wrist, flex fingers and thumb

pronate radioulnar J

317
Q

boundaries of cubital fossa

A 
sup = transverse line between epicondyles of humerus
medial = pronator teres
lateral = brachioradialis
318
Q

contents of cubital fossa =

A 
tendon and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
median cubital vein
cephalic and basilic vein
median nerve
brachial artery
radial nerve
319
Q

deep contents of cubital fossa medial to lateral

A

median nerve
brachial artery
radial nerve

320
Q

ulnar nerve crosses___ of ___ of ___

A

posterior surface of medial epicondyle of humerus

321
Q

ulnar nerve passes through ___ in cubital tunnel to reach the anterior forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

322
Q

antebrachial fascia of anterior forearm distally becomes ___ and then distally and deeper becomes ___

A

palmar carpal ligament

flexor retinaculum

323
Q

flexor retinaculum attaches __/___ to __+__

A

scaphoid/trapezoid
pisiform
hamate

324
Q

flexor retinaculum fuses with distal tendon of ___

A

palmaris longus

325
Q

prevents tendons bowstringing during flexion in the hand

A

flexor retinaculum

326
Q

contents of carpal tunnel =

A

FDS FDP FPL tendons

median nerve

327
Q

each finger has ___ neurovascular bundles supplying it

A

4

328
Q

___ attaches to middle phalanges

A

FDS

329
Q

function of lumbricals

A

flex MCPJ and extend PIPJ

330
Q

Palmar interossei ___ the digits

A

adduct (PAD)

331
Q

dorsal interossei ___ the digits

A

abduct (DAB)

332
Q

rotator cuff muscle that adducts and rotates arm laterally

A

teres minor

333
Q

rotator cuff muscle that adducts and rotates arm medially

A

subscapularis

334
Q

rotator cuff muscle that rotates arm laterally

A

infraspinatus

335
Q

calcium, phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in osteoporosis and osteopetrosis are __

A

normal

336
Q

in Pagets disease calcium, phosphate, ALP and PTH levels are __

A

normal but ALP raised

337
Q

calcium, phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in osteomalacia

A

calcium and phosphate low

ALP and PTH high

338
Q

calcium, phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in primary hyperPT

A

Ca, ALP and PTH high

phosphate low

339
Q

calcium, phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in CKD (=>2ndry hyperPT)

A

Ca low

ALP phosphate and PTH high

340
Q

nerve to serratus anterior

from spinal nerves __

A

long thoracic nerve

C5-7

341
Q

long thoracic nerve injury =>

A

winged scapula

342
Q

waiters tip is due to ___ palsy
damage to ___ of brachial plexus
arm __ is __ rotated and elbow is ___

A 
Erb-Duchenne
upper trunk (C5+6)
hangs
internally
extended
343
Q

damage to lower trunk of brachial plexus (C8, T1) =
2 causes
ass with ___ syndrome

A

Klumpke injury
shoulder dystocia at birth
sudden upward jerk of hand
Horners

MSKJaz (28 decks)

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