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FINAL EXAM > NON-METALLIFEROUS DEPOSITS > Flashcards

NON-METALLIFEROUS DEPOSITS Flashcards

1
Q

Geologic materials used for a wide spectrum of purposes beyond the two interest of economic geology

A

Industrial Minerals

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2
Q

Two main interest of economic geology

A
  1. Fuel
  2. Metals
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3
Q

Describe as:
> widespread
> Enormous Reserves
> Accessible

A

Geologically

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4
Q

Describes as:
> development needs less investment
> cheaper to obtain

A

Economically

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5
Q

Describes as:
> needs less processing
> needs less energy
> less damages on the environment

A

Technologically

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6
Q

Examples are: food preservative, drilling mud, manufacturing of toothpaste, teflon, steel, plastics, cement, oil well drilling, abrasive

A

Industrial or Manufacturing

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7
Q

Examples are: stone, gravel, sand, granite, limestone, gypsum, (plaster, wall boards etc.)

A

Construction materials

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8
Q

Examples are: source of fertilizers: nitrate, rock phosphate, potassium compounds

A

Agriculture

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9
Q

Examples are: glasswares, cosmetic powder, cleaning materials, decorative materials

A

Household Items

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10
Q

In the Philippine Mining Industry how many are the operating mines and quarries for Metallic Mines?

A

48 Metallic Mines

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11
Q

In the 48 Metallic Mines how many mines are for Gold?

A

8 Gold Mines

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12
Q

In the 48 Metallic Mines how many mines are for Copper?

A

3 Copper Mines

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13
Q

In the 48 Metallic Mines how many mines are for Nickel?

A

30 Nickel Mines

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14
Q

In the 48 Metallic Mines how many mines are for Chromite?

A

3 Chromite Mines

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15
Q

In the 48 Metallic Mines how many mines are for Iron?

A

4 Iron Mines

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16
Q

In the Philippine Mining Industry how many are the operating mines and quarries for Non-Metallic Mines?

A

61 Non-metallic Mines

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17
Q

In the 61 Non-Metallic Mines how many quarries are for limestone/shale?

A

35 limestone/shale quarries

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18
Q

In the 61 Non-Metallic Mines how many quarries are for silica?

A

5 silica quarries

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19
Q

In the 61 Non-Metallic Mines how many quarries are for aggregates?

A

15 aggregates quarries

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20
Q

In the 61 Non-Metallic Mines how many quarries are for dolomite?

A

1 dolomite quarries

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21
Q

In the 61 Non-Metallic Mines how many quarries are for clay?

A

3 clay quarries

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22
Q

In the 61 Non-Metallic Mines how many quarries are for sand and gravel?

A

2 sand and gravel quarries

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23
Q

In the Philippine Mining Industry how many are the processing plants?

A

5 processing plants

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24
Q

In the 5 processing plants how many are for gold?

A

2 Gold Processing plants

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25
Q

In the 5 processing plants how many are for nickel?

A

2 Nickel Processing plants

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26
Q

In the 5 processing plant how many are for copper?

A

1 Copper Smelter Plant

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27
Q

In the Philippine Mining Industry how many are the small quarries and sand gravel operations covered by permits issued by LGU’s

A

3,389 small quarries

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28
Q

Increase in the Pace of Industrialization + growing environment concerns = _____________________

A

Increase in demand for industrial and manufacturing materials

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29
Q

mineral use for fire proofing, insulation, brake linings and cement

A

Asbestos

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30
Q

now considered non-commercial due to its carcinogenic property

A

Asbestos

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31
Q

Naturally occurring mineral substance can be pulled into a fluffy consistency

A

Asbestos

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32
Q

Properties of Asbestos

A
  1. Fibers are soft and flexible
  2. Resistant to heat, electricity and chemical corrosion
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33
Q

Uses of Asbestos

A
  1. An effective insulator
  2. Can be mixed into cloth, paper, cement, plastics and other materials to make them stronger
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34
Q

Asbestos is _____________ a single type of mineral - rather it refers to a group of silicate minerals that share the same fibrous nature

A

Not

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35
Q

Example of Asbestos:

A
  1. Serpentine: Chrysotile (white, Curly)
  2. Amphibole: Grunerite-cummingtonite/ Amosite (Brown Asbestos)
  3. Amphibole: Riebeckite/ Crocidolite (Blue asbestos)
  4. Amphibole: Tremolite
  5. Amphibole: Actinolite
  6. Amphibole: Anthophyllite
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36
Q

Asbestos is most commonly found in: _______________

A
  1. Serpentinites
  2. Altered ultramafic rocks
  3. Some mafic rocks
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37
Q

Asbestos other rock types are: ________________

A
  1. metamorphosed dolostones
  2. metamorphosed iron formations
  3. carbonatites
  4. alkalic Intrusions
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38
Q

Factor Contributing to Asbestos Formation

A

Faulting and Fracturing of these rocks with increased temperatures, pressures and the presence of water

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39
Q

Places where Asbestos are deposited in PH (Areas are associated with Ophiolite of Geological Significance)

A
  1. Bangui and Burgos, Ilocos Norte
  2. Aguilar and Mangatarem, Pangasinan
  3. Botolan, Cabangan, San Felipe and San Marcelino, Zambales
  4. Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro
  5. Antique
  6. Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon
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40
Q

Classification of local Asbestos

A
  1. Shingles
  2. Paper
  3. Plaster
  4. Refuse Grades
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41
Q

Market requirement of Asbestos used to depend mainly on _______________

A

Fiber Length

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42
Q

In Electrical Insulation of Asbestos, the iron content should not exceed ___________

A

3.5%

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43
Q

Mineral that is heavy spar, inert, heavy and a stable mineral

A

Barite

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44
Q

Mineral that is white, opaque and twinned

A

Barite

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45
Q

Several Forms Barite is produced and sold

A
  1. Jig Concentrate
  2. Crude Lumps
  3. Ground Barite
  4. Flotation Concentrate
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46
Q

Derived from vein or seam deposits and principally a product of hand sorting

A

Lump Ore

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47
Q

The bulk of barite produced and sold is in the form of either ____________ or ___________________

A
  1. Jig Concentrate
  2. Flotation Concentrate
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48
Q

In oil well industry barite prepared should be ___________

A

Ground to -325 mesh

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49
Q

In the production of barium compounds barite prepared should be _________________

A

sold as jig concentrate

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50
Q

In the glass industry barite prepared should be ____________

A

prepared to -20 mesh and freed from iron using magnetic separators

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51
Q

Barite as inert filter in the manufacture of oilcloth, linoleum, paper and plastic should be prepared in _____________

A

ground to -325 mesh

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52
Q

Barite as pigment or extenders in paints should be prepared in ______________________

A

bleached with acid treatment to remove iron stain

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53
Q

Philippine production of barite started in ______________

A

January 1973

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54
Q

Philippine production of barite ceased in ___________

A

1991

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55
Q

Barite Deposits in the Philippines

A
  1. Mabilog na bundok, Lobo, Batangas (Associated with gold and silver mineralization)
  2. Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro (Occurs as a vein along the strikes of sedimentary host rocks)
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56
Q

Barite occurs as ____________ in Metallic Sulfide Veins

A

Gangue

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57
Q

Barite occurs as __________________ in Andesite

A

Metasomatic Deposit

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58
Q

Clay consisting predominantly of minerals of the smectite group

A

Bentonite

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59
Q

Bentonite is a clay consisting predominantly of minerals of the ____________ group

A

Smectite

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60
Q

Properties of Bentonite

A
  1. Large chemically active surface area
  2. Interlamellar surfaces with unusual hydration characteristics
  3. Ability to modify the flow behavior of liquids
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61
Q

Uses of Bentonite

A
  1. Foundry molding sands
  2. Drilling mud
  3. Bentonite slurries for sealing porous strata and stoppage of water movement in foundations for building, tunnels and dams
  4. bleaching oils and fats
  5. Carriers for insecticides and pesticides
  6. Component of paints, pharmaceuticals, medicines and cosmetics
  7. Locally used as additives, grouting, binders in foundry sand and as filler in animal feeds
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62
Q

Commercial Bentonite deposits are formed by ____________________________ deposited over relatively large areas

A

alteration of fine-grained volcanic debris

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63
Q

Other Bentonite deposits are formed by ____________________________ of coarse-grained intrusive rocks

A

In-situ Hydrothermal Alteration

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64
Q

Types of Bentonite

A
  1. Swelling Type
  2. Non-swelling Type
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65
Q

all gel-forming, “Wyoming” or western type, and true bentonite or sodium bentonite

A

Swelling Type

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66
Q

bentonite that expands 15 to 20 times of the original volume of dry material in water

A

Swelling Type

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67
Q

bentonite that contain sodium as predominant exchangeable ion

A

Swelling Type

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68
Q

bentonite that rarely occurring and associated with kaolin of hydrothermal origin

A

Swelling Type

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69
Q

bentonite that probably formed by the action of thermal springs and vapors of volcanic exhalations

A

Swelling Type

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70
Q

includes the Mississippi or southern type, potassium and calcium bentonite, metabentonite, some absorbent clay or bleaching clay, some naturally active clay or fuller’s earth, some activable clay (raw)
and activated clay (treated)

A

Non - Swelling Type

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71
Q

has negligible swelling

A

Non - Swelling Type

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72
Q

carries calcium as its principal exchangeable ion

A

Non - Swelling Type

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73
Q

Bentonites in the Philippines are generally ___________

A

Non - Swelling Type

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74
Q

name derived from the first major use of the material, which was for cleaning textiles

A

Fuller’s Earth

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75
Q

either a non-plastic or a claylike material, usually high in magnesia that has adequate decolorizing and purifying properties

A

Fuller’s Earth

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76
Q

Fuller’s Earth is composed mostly of the distinct needle- or lath-shaped clay mineral, the _____________ . This material crumbles when laid in water

A

Attapulgite

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77
Q

also defined as naturally active clay of the
non-swelling type of bentonite

A

Fuller’s Earth

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78
Q

formed by alteration of fine-grained
volcanic debris deposited over relatively large areas or by in-situ hydrothermal alteration of coarse-grained intrusive rocks

A

Bentonite Deposits

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79
Q

Bentonite Deposits in the Philippines

A
  1. Mangatarem, Pangasinan
  2. Cagayan
  3. Palayan City, Nueva Ecija (Swelling)
  4. Mabini and Calatagan, Batangas
  5. Tagkawayan, Quezon
  6. Legaspi City, Albay
  7. Cebu
  8. Palompon, Leyte
  9. Lanang, Davao City
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80
Q

an earthy substance

A

Clay

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81
Q

hydrous aluminum silicates + colloidal material + specks of rock fragments

A

Clay

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82
Q

plastic when wet, stone-like when fired

A

Clay

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83
Q

Records of ancient brick buildings, monuments and pottery making showed that it is one of the most widespread and earliest mineral substances utilized by person

A

Clay

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84
Q

who developed the art of pottery to a high degree of perfection, probably taught the natives the art.

A

Chinese

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85
Q

During Spanish times when there were no available natural building stone like limestone or volcanic tuff {adobe}, the ____________ made bricks and tiles out of ordinary clays to build churches.

A

Spanish priests

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86
Q

Except for shale clay, which goes into the manufacture of Portland cement, various clays in the Philippines are generally
quarried _________________________

A

intermittently and on small scale.

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87
Q

Kinds of Clay

A
  1. Feldspathic Clay
  2. Fire Clay
  3. Kaolinitic Clay
  4. Siliceous Clay
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88
Q

Types of Clay

A
  1. Residual
  2. Transported
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89
Q

in situ clays formed by weathering due to
chemical and hydrothermal process

A

Residual Clay

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90
Q

not far from parent rock, non-plastic, white (e.g kaolin)

A

Residual Clay

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91
Q

formed by accumulation of clayey
materials in sites such as swamps and basins

A

Transported Clay

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92
Q

far from parent material, plastic, grey, darker, smaller particles (e.g ball clay, fire clay)

A

Transported Clay

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93
Q

Residual Clay in the PH Occurs in

A
  1. Cagayan
  2. Ilocos Norte
  3. Abra
  4. Benguet
  5. Nueva Ecija
  6. Pangasinan
  7. Zambales
  8. Bulacan
  9. Rizal
  10. Laguna
  11. Batangas
  12. Quezon
  13. Camarines Norte
  14. Camarines Sur
  15. Sorsogon
  16. Albay
  17. Marinduque
  18. Romblon
  19. Negros Occidental
  20. Iloilo
  21. Panay
  22. Antique
  23. Surigao del Sur
  24. Misamis Oriental
  25. Bukidnon
  26. Zamboanga del Sur
  27. Zamboanga City
94
Q

most are formed from the chemical weathering of feldspar-rich rocks

A

Residual Clays

95
Q

many other residual deposits are formed near volcanoes from the _______________ by hot sulfuric water from solfataras or
fumaroles

A

alteration of basalt or andesite

96
Q

the biggest reserves of siliceous clay in the islands were formed by the residual alteration of chloritic schists in ____________________

A

Siruma, Camarines Sur

97
Q

consist of sedimentary beds associated with peat or lignite, alluvial and floodplain clays

A

Transported Clay

98
Q

clay beds underlying peat or lignite

A

Fire Clays

99
Q

Clay deposited in swamps and basins, usually fired to shades of gray or brown

A

Fire Clays

100
Q

Clay found in Uneng, Semirara Island

A

Fire Clays

101
Q

buff or red burning clays used in making
earthenware, pots, toys, bricks and tiles.

A

Alluvial and Floodplain Clays

102
Q

Clays that occur along the banks of mature rivers at their lowest reaches, under rice paddies and other flat areas in flood and coastal plains

A

Alluvial and Floodplain Clays

103
Q

Clay that are usually brown or gray due to high iron oxide content and the presence of some organic matter.

A

Alluvial and Floodplain Clays

104
Q

diatomaceous earth or siliceous shells or skeletons of single-celled organism called diatoms

A

Diatomite

105
Q

composed essentially of hydrated amorphous or opalline silica with varying amounts of contaminant materials such as silica sand, clays, salts and organic matter.

A

Diatomite

106
Q

Uses of Diatomite

A
  1. filtration agent
  2. soft abrasives
  3. industrial fillers
  4. lightweight aggregates
107
Q

Diatomite deposits occur as ____________, a few centimeters to several meters thick, intercalated with sedimentary and pyroclastic host rocks

A

low-dipping beds

108
Q

In the Diatomite Deposit, dilution by host rock materials of ________________ content usually necessitates some beneficiation before they could be used commercially.

A

low silica and high iron

109
Q

Diatomite Deposits in PH

A
  1. Pantabangan and Caranglan, Nueva Ecija
  2. Basud, Camarines Norte
  3. Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte
  4. Quezon, Bukidnon.
110
Q

Local diatomite production from
_____________________ period posted
37,056 MT

A

pre-1980 to 2002

111
Q

Local diatomite production from
pre-1980 to 2002 period posted
________________

A

37,056 MT

112
Q

The deposit in ___________________ is the only deposit put into commercial production.

A

Basud, Camarines Norte

113
Q

most common rock-forming mineral on earth

A

Feldspar

114
Q

general term for the group of rock-forming
minerals that are essentially anhydrous aluminium silicates

A

Feldspar

115
Q

promotes fusion during firing and imparts strength, toughness and durability in the finished products

A

Feldspar

116
Q

Uses of Feldspar

A
  1. production of glass, fired clay products, and enamel paints
  2. flux in ceramic mixture in the making of vitreous china and in porcelain enamels
  3. mild abrasives and scouring soaps {due to its angular fracture and moderate hardness)
117
Q

Most of the feldspar utilized by the local ______________ is either imported or blended with those locally quarried from small pegmatite and aplite dikes.

A

ceramic and glass plants

118
Q

Feldspar Deposit in PH

A
  1. locos Norte
  2. Nueva Ecija
  3. Occidental Mindoro
  4. Lanao del Norte
119
Q

hydrous calcium sulphate that contains ~20% water

A

Gypsum

120
Q

Uses of Gypsum

A
  1. cement retarder (Cement retarders control the time when a slurry will set hard)
  2. fabrication of fireproof gypsum board
  3. soil conditioner
121
Q

found in volcanic and/or sedimentary sequences that have been affected by hydrothermal activity

A

Gypsum

122
Q

occur either as fissures and breccia fillings, veinlets, stockworks, irregular lenses, coatings or incrustations

A

Gypsum

123
Q

commonly associated with anhydrite and in the more intensely altered volcanic rocks, with pyrite and some copper sulfides.

A

Gypsum

124
Q

Varieties of Gypsum

A
  1. Alabaster
  2. Satin Spar
  3. Selenite
125
Q

Massive Gypsum

A

Alabaster

126
Q

Fibrous Gypsum

A

Satin Spar

127
Q

Crystalline Gypsum

A

Selenite

128
Q

Production of natural gypsum started way back ________ but practically ceased in 1992.

A

1960

129
Q

Production of natural gypsum started way back 1960 but practically ceased in _______

A

1992

130
Q

Gypsum Deposits in PH

A
  1. Batangas
  2. Albay
  3. Camarines Sur
  4. Negros Oriental
  5. Cebu
  6. Marinduque
  7. Cagayan
  8. Nueva Vizcaya
  9. Occidental Mindoro
131
Q

sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate (calcite or aragonite)

A

Limestone

132
Q

extremely common and make up ~15% of the sedimentary column

A

Limestone

133
Q

occur extensively in PH with the age of Cretaceous to recent

A

Limestone

134
Q

calcination of limestone produces _________ on hydration

A

quicklime and slaked or hydrated lime

135
Q

natural form of magnesium carbonate with ideal magnesia content of 47.60%

A

Magnesite

136
Q

important source of magnesium for industrial purposes

A

Magnesite

137
Q

essential element in plant and animal metabolism

A

Magnesium

138
Q

Magnesite added to animal feeds

A

caustic-calcined magnesia

139
Q

reactive magnesium oxide produced by
calcination of magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide at _____________

A

1000°C or lower
temperature

140
Q

used in pharamaceuticals, dyes,
paper manufacture, explosives and matches

A

Magnesium Sulfate

141
Q

occurs in bedded deposits, in veins, pockets and shear zones in ferromagnesian rocks, and as replacement bodies in limestone and dolomite.

A

Magnesite Deposits

142
Q

Magnesite Deposit in PH

A
  1. Lupon, Mati, Puntalinao, and Banay-banay, Davao Oriental
  2. small deposits are in Sibuyan Island, Romblon.
143
Q

hydrated silicic volcanic glass

A

Perlite

144
Q

has a characteristic of “onion-skin” or perlitic texture and a pearly luster

A

Perlite

145
Q

When expanded or bloated by shock calcination, perlite forms an inert mass with an open texture having ((1)_________,
(2)__________, (3) ____________ and (4) ____________-.

A
  1. low bulk density
  2. low thermal conductivity
  3. high sound absorption
  4. fire resistance
146
Q

Perlite industrial application

A
  1. insulation
  2. lightweight aggregate
  3. filler in gypsum plaster
  4. filter aids
147
Q

formed from silicic lavas (rhyolitic to dacitic) which have erupted slowly to form steep-sided block-type lava domes or shallow intrusions such as sills, dikes, or lenses

A

Perlite

148
Q

meteoric ground water hydrates this rock to form perlite containing _________ absorbed water

A

3% to 5%

149
Q

Most commercial perlite are rarely ____________ in age

A

older than Oligocene

150
Q

______________ is unstable and devitrifies with time to form felsite

A

rhyolitic glass

151
Q

commonly associated with other volcanic rocks such as pumice, obsidian, felsite and welded tuff.

A

Perlite

152
Q

Perlite Deposit in PH

A
  1. Calayan Island, Cagayan
  2. Baao, Camarines Sur
    3.Maslog, Taysan, and Puro, Legazpi City
153
Q

occurs as mineral quartz in varied forms:
> veins and lenses of bull quartz
> sand, pebbles, cobbles and boulders
> siliceous clays

A

Silica

154
Q

In _________ silica is deposited by thermal
springs and vapors related to volcanism.

A

Negros Occidental

155
Q

In _________ quartz sand derived from
weathering of sandstone, quartzose, schists and quartz diorite

A

Lubang and Palawan

156
Q

In _________ bull quartz occurring as pegmatite dikes and/or small lenses

A

Quezon Province

157
Q

Type of silica that is used in manufacture of glass containers and lamp chimneys, making of sheet glass, glass envelopes for electric bulbs, ferrosilicon, sodium silicate, cleanser and abrasive, as additive in the manufacture of cement

A

Silica Sand

158
Q

It is used as sanitary wares and flint glass containers

A

Crushed and pulverized bull quartz

159
Q

About _______% of silica sand are utilized in glass manufacture.

A

85%

160
Q

Uses of Silica

A
  1. as gemstone
  2. as abrasive material for sand blasting and scouring cleansers
  3. as flux in the smelting of metals ad in the manufacture of rubber, paint and putty
  4. as filter media and roofing granules
  5. as filters, frequency controls and timers
  6. essential component of cellular phones, watches, clocks, game consoles,
    etc.
161
Q

deposits of siliceous white clay in chlorite schists probably derived from igneous rocks occur in _________________

A

Camarines Sur

162
Q

It is formed by hydrothermal alteration of favorable zones in the schists

A

Siliceous Clays

163
Q

softest common mineral with cleavage flakes are flexible but not elastic

A

Talc

164
Q

occurs in low to medium metamorphosed basic or ultrabasic rocks and in place, constitutes the greater part of the rock, producing the material known as steatite or soapstone

A

Talc

165
Q

Properties of Talc

A
  1. whiteness when ground and fired
  2. softness and smoothness
  3. good lubricating power
  4. chemical inertness
  5. high fusion point
  6. low electrical conductivity
  7. high absorption of certain types of greases and oils
166
Q

is used in the manufacture of whiteware, electrical insulators, porcelain, wall tile and other ceramic products

A

White-firing Talc

167
Q

occur as pods or lenses that pinch and swell in the ultrabasic host rock making them difficult to process and mine.

A

Talc

168
Q

Talc deposits like asbestos are formed from _______________________ in the ultramafic area.

A

hydrothermal processes

169
Q

Deposits of Talc in PH

A
  1. Abra, de llog, Mindoro Occidental
  2. Marangas, Brooke’s Point, Palawan
  3. Cabangan, Zambales.
170
Q

is a mixture of about four parts of limestone and one part of clay or shale, calcined to near fusion and ground to powder.

A

Portland Cement

171
Q

The raw materials needed in the ceramic industry:

A
  1. clay
  2. feldspar
  3. magnesite
  4. quartz or silica
    5 talc
172
Q

Sources of Ceramic raw materials in PH

A
  1. Looc, Lubang Island (granodiorite)
  2. Pinamalayan, Mindoro Oriental (arkosic sandstone)
173
Q

3 categories/group of refractories

A
  1. Alumino-silicates
  2. Silica and semi- silica
  3. Basic Refactories
174
Q

Example of Alumino-Silicates

A

(a) Clays
(b) Sillimanite, kyanite, andalusite
(c) Corundum

175
Q

Example of Basic Refractories

A

(a) Magnesite
(b) Dolomite
(c) Chrome and chrome-magnesite

176
Q

It contains abundant volcanic glass and will change to clay during diagenesis

A

Zeolite

177
Q

The only known deposit of zeolite, which has been put into production over the Philippines archipelago, is the one situated in __________________

A

Mangatarem, Pangasinan

178
Q

any crystalline rock composed predominantly of calcite, dolomite, or serpentine and takes a good polish

A

Marble (Commercial)

179
Q

True or False: Marbleized limestone - fossiliferous marble is a true marble

A

False: Not true marble

180
Q

a metamorphic limestone or dolostone, which is thoroughly recrystallized that much or all of the sedimentary structures and biologic interlocking are obliterated

A

True Marble

181
Q

Main impurities of marble

A

Quartz and Clay

182
Q

true metamorphic varieties of Marble are found in

A

Romblon and Mindoro

183
Q

Deposits of Marble in PH

A
  1. Mindoro
  2. Romblon
  3. Panay
  4. Palawan
  5. Cebu
  6. Catanduanes
  7. Leyte
  8. Marinduque
  9. Negros
  10. Samar
184
Q

Age of Marble in PH

A

Mesozoic to Tertiary

185
Q

Marbleized Limestone are found in

A

Bulacan (Angat and Madlum Formations) and Rizal (Masungit and Binanongan Limestone)

186
Q

Age of Marble in Mindoro

A

Mesozoic

187
Q

Age of Marble in Romblon

A

pre-Tertiary age

188
Q

is a cellular, glassy rock formed by explosive volcanism.

A

Pumice

189
Q

also called volcanic ash or dust, has the same origin, chemical composition, and glassy texture but was blown into smaller particles during the eruptive process. (less than 4mm size)

A

Pumicite

190
Q

Largest Deposit of Pumice and Pumicite

A

Juban, Sorsogon

191
Q

Geologic Reserve of pumice and pumicite in Sorsogon

A

21.878 million MT

192
Q

Deposit of Pumice In PH

A
  1. Juban, Sorsogon
  2. Angeles, Pampanga
  3. Buhi, Camarines Sur
193
Q

produced by crushing, screening and washing of andesite, basalt, limestone, marble, metavolcanic and other rock materials which meet certain requirements as to strength, soundness, and other specifications utilized in much the same way as sand and gravel

A

Rock Aggregates

194
Q

Properties of aggregate affect concrete
characteristics such as:

A
  1. density
  2. strength
  3. durability
  4. thermal conductivity
  5. shrinkage
  6. creep
195
Q

is chemical reaction between disordered forms of silica, which may occur in aggregates, and hydroxyl ions formed by the release of alkali compounds from the cement.

A

Alkali Silica Reaction

196
Q

______________ may Induce stress, resulting in expansion and cracking which over time can threaten structural integrity

A

Alkali Silica Reaction

197
Q

is highly disordered and is the most reactive form of silica.

A

Opal

198
Q

occurs when certain carbonates react with alkalis to cause expansion and cracking

A

Alkali-Carbonate Reaction

199
Q

bitumen impregnations during the Miocene- Pliocene epoch shale and sandstone and is used as binder in road pavement

A

Rock Asphalt

200
Q

Classification of Rock Asphalt

A
  1. Base Deposits
  2. Fragmental Tar
  3. Tar
201
Q

Asphalt classification which is associated with calcareous sandstone

A

Base Deposits

202
Q

Asphalt classification that overlies the bitumen-impreganated sandstone; composed of coarse and granular sandstone.

A

Fragmental Tar

203
Q

Asphalt classification that is the youngest and composed of cobbles and pebbles of different rock types.

A

Tar

204
Q

Classification of Sand and Gravel (Based on Origin)

A
  1. Residual Deposit
  2. Fluvial Deposit
  3. Marine and Lacustrine
205
Q

Sand and Gravel that form rock mantle over the parent formation; formed by the mantle weathering in place of the
parent rock or superimposed formations; intermixed with clay

A

Residual Deposit

206
Q

sand and gravel, picked-up, transported and deposited by fluvial action

A

Fluvial Deposit

207
Q

Sand and Gravel that is well-sorted materials with segregated coarse and fine particles

A

Marine and Lacustrine

208
Q

Tuff deposits, which exhibit considerable variation in texture and color, are products of Quaternary explosive volcanism

A

Adobe

209
Q

Tuff Deposit in PH

A
  1. Aklan
  2. Antique
  3. Batangas
  4. Bulacan
  5. Cavite
  6. locos Sur
  7. Laguna
  8. Rizal
  9. Quezon City
  10. Samar
    Surigao
210
Q

is the accumulated excrement and remains of birds and bats

A

Guano

211
Q

Classification of Guano

A
  1. Fresh Guano
  2. Phosphatic Soil
  3. Phosphatized Guano
212
Q

(Guano) that is dark chocolate brown, soft, oblong, and about the size of a grain of palay, which eventually disintegrate with phosphorus pentoxide: 0.25-1%

A

Fresh Guano

213
Q

% of phosphorus pentoxide of Fresh Guano

A

0.25-1%

214
Q

(Guano) Transported soil + droppings and remains of bats and birds; loose; light orange to yellowish brown
and enriched with lime (limestone);

A

Phosphatic Soil

215
Q

% of phosphorus pentoxide of Phosphatic Soil

A

4 to 12%

216
Q

(Guano) underlies the phosphatic soil; porous, friable, hard, compact; variable colors, depending on the amounts of impurities;

A

Phosphatized Guano

217
Q

% of phosphorus pentoxide of Phosphatized Guano

A

39.70%

218
Q

Classification of Limestone

A
  1. High Calcium Lime
  2. Magnesian Lime
  3. Oyster shell Lime
  4. Hydrate Lime
219
Q

carbonate of calcium and magnesium
and ideally composed of 21.70% magnesia, 30.40% lime and 47.90% carbon dioxide

A

Dolomite

220
Q

transformation of normal limestone to
dolomitic limestone or dolomite

A

Dolomitization

221
Q

Limestone rich in magnesia is called

A

Dolomitic Limestone

222
Q

Deposit of Dolomite in PH

A
  1. Cebu
  2. Batangas
  3. Negros Occidental
  4. Negros Oriental
  5. Northern Leyte
  6. Davao Oriental
223
Q

Dark Brown to Black Carbonaceous Residuum

A

Peat

224
Q

Produced by the partial disintegration of mosses, sedgess, trees, and other plants that grown or accumulated in shallow lakes, marshes and tidal flats

A

Peat

225
Q

the singly explored peat deposit is found in

A

Liberty, Ormoc City, Leyte

226
Q

Classification of Gemstone (Based on Origin)

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
227
Q

The gemstone is found in places where they were originally formed (in situ), together with the associated rocks

A

Primary

228
Q

The gemstone is found away from where they were originally formed

A

Secondary

229
Q

Classification of Gemstone (Based on Market Value)

A
  1. Precious
  2. Semi-Precious
230
Q

What are the Precious Gemstones

A
  1. Diamond
  2. Ruby
  3. Sapphire
  4. Emerald

FINAL EXAM (8 decks)

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