non mendelian genetics Flashcards
What is incomplete dominance?
A genetic scenario where alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.
Example: Crossing a red snapdragon flower with a white one results in an intermediate color, which is pink.
What is codominance?
A type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed, and both show in the phenotype.
Example: Crossing a black-feathered chicken with a white one results in a mixed chicken with both colors (alleles) expressed.
What color results from incomplete dominance in snapdragons?
Pink.
What colors are expressed in codominance with chickens?
Both black and white.
What are multiple alleles?
When a gene has more than 2 alleles.
Example: Coat color in rabbits (brown, black, white).
What is epistasis?
An interaction between the products of two genes, in which one of the genes modifies the phenotypic expression produced by the other.
What is pleiotropy?
When one gene has multiple phenotypic effects.
What are polygenic traits?
Traits controlled by two or more genes.
Examples include height, eye color, and skin color.
What are sex-linked traits?
Traits associated with genes located on the sex chromosomes, X and Y.
Examples include color blindness and hemophilia.
What is an X-linked trait?
A type of sex-linked trait that is associated with genes on the X chromosome.
What are the symbols used to represent X-linked traits?
XH and Xh represent different alleles on the X chromosome, while Y represents the Y chromosome.
law of segregation
States that each individual has two alleles for gene one inherited from each parent
law of independence assortment
State that I use for different genes segregate independently of each other during the gamete formation
heterozygous
two different alleles for a gene
homozygous
two identical alleles for a gene
