inheritance Flashcards
What is inheritance?
The way that genetic information is passed from a parent to a child.
What is genetics?
The science of genes and how traits are passed on from one generation to the next.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
An Australian scientist and priest known as the Father of modern genetics.
What did Gregor Mendel conduct experiments on?
He conducted groundbreaking experiments with garden peas.
Why did Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments?
They grow quickly and have a variety of traits.
They are self-pollinating, allowing for easy self and cross-pollination.
What is fertilization?
The process where male and female reproductive cells (sperm and egg) join to create a new cell (zygote).
What is true breeding?
Consistently produced offspring with the same traits.
What did Mendel discover about genes after cross pollination?
Genes determine an individual’s traits.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different forms of genes.
What do alleles produce?
Alleles produce different expressions of a trait, such as tall or short plants.
What is the principle of dominance introduced by Mendel?
Dominant alleles control the traits that appear in the F1 generation.
What happens to recessive alleles in the F1 generation?
Recessive alleles are masked in the F1 generation.
What did Mendel find about recessive alleles in the second generation?
Recessive alleles reappeared in the second generation.
What does segregation refer to in Mendel’s findings?
Segregation refers to alleles separating from each other during gamete formation.
