Non Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
What is incomplete dominance?
In the heterozygous genotype, the phenotype of the individual is a combination of the dominant and recessive phenotype
What is codominance?
The heterozygous phenotype expresses both the dominant and recessive phenotype simultaneously
What is an example of multiple alleles?
The ABO Blood type system, where each allele codes for carbohydrate A, carbohydrate B, or no carbohydrate.
What is pleiotropy?
A single genotype has multiple phenotypes(most human genes)
What is epistasis?
Phenotype of a gene at one locus alters that of a gene at a second locus
What is polygenic inheritance?
A single characteristic being influenced by multiple genes.
Can phenotype be affected by the environment?
Yes(hydrangea soil pH and rabbit coat color)
What are characteristics of autosomal recessive traits?
Appear equally in males and females, tend to skip generations, more likely to appear in progeny with related parents
What are characteristics of autosomal dominant traits?
Appear equally in males and females, Affected people must have affected parent(s), unaffected people do not transmit trait
What is a lethal allele?
Causes death at an early stage of development, so some genotypes do not appear in the population
What are characteristics of X-linked recessive traits?
Affect males more than females, cannot pass from father to son
What are characteristics of X-linked dominant traits?
Do not skip generations, Cannot pass from father to son but passes on to all daughters. Heterozygous mothers pass the trait on to 1/2 of offspring.
What is penetrance?
The percent of individuals with a certain genotype that express the expected phenotype
