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Bio Exam 1 > Mechanisms of Mendelian Genetics > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Mendelian Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 types of genetics?

A

Transmission, population, molecular

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2
Q

What is the experimental approach to transmission genetics?

A

The genetic cross

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3
Q

What does transmission genetics explore?

A

How traits are passed from one generation to the next

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4
Q

What are genes?

A

Genetic determinants which pass from one generation to the next as discrete units

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5
Q

What is molecular genetics?

A

A biochemical approach to understanding genetic material

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6
Q

What is population genetics?

A

Genetic variation of populations and how this is related to the environment. Uses mathematical models to explain prevalence of certain alleles.

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a model organism?

A

Short generation time, production of numerous progeny, the ability to be grown in a laboratory environment

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8
Q

What is the centromere?

A

The part on a chromosome where microtubule spindles attach during metaphase.

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9
Q

What is a telomere?

A

The tip of a linear chromosome

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10
Q

What is the origin of replication?

A

Where the DNA synthesis begins

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11
Q

What is meiosis?

A

The production of haploid gametes from a diploid cell

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12
Q

What is fertilization?

A

The fusion of two haploid gametes

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13
Q

What is a consequence of meiosis?

A

Genetic Variation

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14
Q

How many cells are produced in meiosis?

A

4 daughter cells, genetically different from the parent and each other

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15
Q

What is an allele?

A

One of the forms of a gene

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16
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The combination of alleles possessed by a single organism

17
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical appearance of a characteristic

18
Q

What is a characteristic?

A

An attribute or feature possessed by an organism

19
Q

What is the law of segregation?

A

The principle that alleles separate, or segregate, during meiosis so that each gamete only has 1 allele.

20
Q

What is the concept of dominance?

A

One allele masks the other allele in the heterozygous genotype; the phenotype of the dominant allele only will show

21
Q

What is the principle of independent assortment?

A

Alleles at different loci(on a chromosome) separate independently during meiosis

Bio Exam 1 (7 decks)

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