Non-Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
When examining one trait, we perform what type of cross?
A monohybrid cross
What is the phenotypic ratio of single trait inheritance?
3:1
What is the Co-dominance pattern of inheritance?
Results in 3 different genotypes/phenotypes. None of which are dominant. Third phenotype is a mix.
What is the incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance?
Results in 3 different genotypes/phenotypes. None of which are dominant. Third phenotype is a blend.
What does the phenotype for incomplete dominance show?
A blended expression of both alleles
What the phenotype for co-dominance show?
Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype.
What are examples of co-dominance?
Roan cows, ABO blood types
What is an example of incomplete dominance?
Snapdragons
What are the four major blood types?
A, B, AB, O
How many possible alleles does each gene have?
3 possible alleles (IA, IB, i)
What does each allele code for?
A different enzyme
What does the enzyme do?
Places different sugars on the surface of the red blood cell.
What happens in IAIA (type A) blood?
Enzyme places one type of sugar on the surface
What happens in IBIB (type B) blood?
Another enzyme places a different sugar on the cell
What happens in IAIB (type AB) blood?
Both sugars are placed on the cell – CO-DOMINANCE
What happens in ii (type O) blood?
Lacks the sugars of A,B,AB
What are the dominant blood types?
IAi (type A): DOMINANT
IBi (type B): DOMINANT
What are blood types only compatible with?
Blood types are compatible only with certain other types.
What is each blood type compatible with?
- Type A produces an immune attack against type B & AB
- Type B produces an immune attack against type A and AB
- Type O will not produce an immune attack (universal donor)
- Type AB is known as the universal recipient (can receive from any type)
What happens if you are infused with incompatible blood?
Agglutination occurs.
What happens during agglutination?
The antigens in your blood bind to the antibodies of the donor blood and cause the blood to clump
