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science 9 (1st Grading) > Non Mendelian > Flashcards

Non Mendelian Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.

A

genetics

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2
Q

also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring

A

heredity

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3
Q

is the acquisition/reception of genetic qualities of parents to offspring

A

inheritance

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4
Q

is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations

A

variation

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5
Q

is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism

A

phenotype

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6
Q

is acomplete set of genetic materia

A

genotype

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7
Q

any of the alternative forms of gene in a genotype

A

Alleles

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8
Q

isthe basic physical and functional unit of heredity

A

genes

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9
Q

an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele

A

dominant trait

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10
Q

isa trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles, or forms of a gene

A

recessive trait

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11
Q

is made up of two of the SAME alleles

A

Homozygous

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12
Q

is made up of two DIFFERENT alleles

A

Heterozygous

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13
Q

isa table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given

A

punnet square

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14
Q

isany pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws.

A

non mendelian inheritance

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15
Q

It is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a NEW PHENOTYPE.

A

incomplete dominance

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16
Q

The term ”incomplete dominance” was proposed by the German botanist

A

Carl Correns(1864–1933).

17
Q

Both alleles are EXPRESSED EQUALLY in the phenotype of the heterozygote

A

codominance

18
Q

isan individual’s complete set of chromosomes.

A

KARYOTYPE

19
Q

isa type of chromosome involved in sex determination.

A

sex chromosome

20
Q

the sex of an individual is determined by the sex chromosomes contributed to the zygote by the sperm and the egg.

A

sex determination

21
Q

These are the female sex cells

A

egg cell

22
Q

these are the male gametes

A

gametes

23
Q

The process involved in which sperm and egg cell unites to form a zygote

A

fertilization

24
Q

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

A

chromosome

25
Q

are numbered chromosomes that contain genes for anything that does not relate to sex determination.

A

Autosomes

26
Q

those traits limited to only one sex.

A

-Sex-limited traits

27
Q

are autosomal traits that are influenced by sex. If a male has one recessive allele, he will show that trait, but it will take two recessive for the female to show that same trait. One such gene is baldness.

A

Sex-influenced traits

28
Q

are genes found either on X or Y chromosomes which are inherited differences among male and a female..

A

Sex-linked genes

29
Q

X-linked Inheritance
The X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. Any disorder or trait that is transmitted from the X chromosome is termed an X-linked inheritance. X-linked inheritance can either be recessive or dominan

A

X-linked Inheritance

30
Q

If the mutated gene is present in the Y chromosome, then this is referred to as Y-linked inheritance. Since the Y chromosome is present in males only, Y-linked disorders are passed from fathers to male offspring. Hypertrichosis (presence of long dark hair on the ears) is an example of Y-linked inheritance.

A

Y-linked Inheritance

31
Q

an example of an X-linked trait is a rare genetic disorder in which a person lacks enough blood-clotting proteins caused by a change in one of the genes

A

hemophilia

32
Q

Is another condition of the X-linked trait. These traits will be manifested in females who have two genes of color-blindness. Meanwhile, in males, there is only one gene of the disorder needed to express the phenomenon.
Males are more likely to be colorblind due to the fact that they only have 1 X chromosome

A

color blindness

science 9 (1st Grading) (6 decks)

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