Non Mendelian Flashcards
is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
genetics
also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring
heredity
is the acquisition/reception of genetic qualities of parents to offspring
inheritance
is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations
variation
is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism
phenotype
is acomplete set of genetic materia
genotype
any of the alternative forms of gene in a genotype
Alleles
isthe basic physical and functional unit of heredity
genes
an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele
dominant trait
isa trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles, or forms of a gene
recessive trait
is made up of two of the SAME alleles
Homozygous
is made up of two DIFFERENT alleles
Heterozygous
isa table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given
punnet square
isany pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws.
non mendelian inheritance
It is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a NEW PHENOTYPE.
incomplete dominance
The term ”incomplete dominance” was proposed by the German botanist
Carl Correns(1864–1933).
Both alleles are EXPRESSED EQUALLY in the phenotype of the heterozygote
codominance
isan individual’s complete set of chromosomes.
KARYOTYPE
isa type of chromosome involved in sex determination.
sex chromosome
the sex of an individual is determined by the sex chromosomes contributed to the zygote by the sperm and the egg.
sex determination
These are the female sex cells
egg cell
these are the male gametes
gametes
The process involved in which sperm and egg cell unites to form a zygote
fertilization
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
chromosome
are numbered chromosomes that contain genes for anything that does not relate to sex determination.
Autosomes
those traits limited to only one sex.
-Sex-limited traits
are autosomal traits that are influenced by sex. If a male has one recessive allele, he will show that trait, but it will take two recessive for the female to show that same trait. One such gene is baldness.
Sex-influenced traits
are genes found either on X or Y chromosomes which are inherited differences among male and a female..
Sex-linked genes
X-linked Inheritance
The X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. Any disorder or trait that is transmitted from the X chromosome is termed an X-linked inheritance. X-linked inheritance can either be recessive or dominan
X-linked Inheritance
If the mutated gene is present in the Y chromosome, then this is referred to as Y-linked inheritance. Since the Y chromosome is present in males only, Y-linked disorders are passed from fathers to male offspring. Hypertrichosis (presence of long dark hair on the ears) is an example of Y-linked inheritance.
Y-linked Inheritance
an example of an X-linked trait is a rare genetic disorder in which a person lacks enough blood-clotting proteins caused by a change in one of the genes
hemophilia
Is another condition of the X-linked trait. These traits will be manifested in females who have two genes of color-blindness. Meanwhile, in males, there is only one gene of the disorder needed to express the phenomenon.
Males are more likely to be colorblind due to the fact that they only have 1 X chromosome
color blindness
