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entomology > non-insect arthopods > Flashcards

non-insect arthopods Flashcards

1
Q

what class and order are mites

A
  • class: arachnida
  • order: acari
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2
Q

describe the structure of mites

A
  • small (less than 1 mm)
  • one body part w a small head area attached to body
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3
Q

how many species of mites are there

A
  • 50 000 described
  • estimated >1 000 000 in the world
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4
Q

how to adult and nymphal mites differ

A
  • adults 4 pr legs
  • nymphs 3 pr legs
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5
Q

whats stage of decomposition do mites arrive for

A

later stages

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6
Q

where do we tend to find mites

A

in soil beneath remains

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7
Q

how do mites disperse

A
  • phoresy
  • ie. carried by other insects
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8
Q

describe forensic relevance of mites

A
  • some families consume fungus and rotting veggies
  • predatory on fly eggs and first instars (can alter/ delay successional patterns of decay)
  • indicate possible origins of a corpse (think: theyre in the soil… which soil)
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9
Q

where are Cunaxidae found

A
  • theyre a kind of mite
  • commonly in compost
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10
Q

describe the collection of mites

A
  • difficult to see and collect
  • we take soil samples under the corpse
  • use a heat lamp and a funnel, the mites fall through the funnel into a collecting jar
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11
Q

describe the structure of spiders

A
  • 8 legs
  • 2 body parts: abdomen and cephalothoraxx
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12
Q

what order are spiders

A

araneae

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13
Q

describe what kind of species spiders are

A
  • predatory on insects and other arthopods
  • corpses are a source of insect prey
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14
Q

what order are pseudoscorpions

A

pseudoscorpionida

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15
Q

describe the structure of pseudoscorpions

A
  • small (<5mm)
  • 2 body parts: abdomen and cephalothorax
  • pedipalps and mouthparts distinctive, puncher like (called chelate)
  • 8 legs (4 pairs)
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16
Q

when do we find pseudoscorpions

A
  • late stage decay
  • they’re predatory on other arthopods
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17
Q

what class and order are sow bugs or pill bugs

A
  • class: malacostraca
  • order: isopoda
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18
Q

when are sow bugs or pill bugs found

A
  • all stages of decomposing remains
  • better identifier of location than time of death
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19
Q

how many species of sow bugs or pill bugs are there in ontario

A

13 (most are not native)

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20
Q

what class are centipedes

A

chilopoda

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21
Q

what is the forensic relevance of centipedes

A

some are found largely inside, other largely outside

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22
Q

how many species of centipedes are there in canada and alaska

A

70

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23
Q

what class are millipedes

A

diplopoda

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24
Q

where would we find millipedes

A

moist habitats

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25
Q

what is the forensic relevance of millipedes

A
  • indicators of habitat
  • like moist areas
  • eat plants but also on decomposing animal tissue
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26
Q

how many species of millipedes are there in canada and alaska

A

> 60

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27
Q

what is the class name for insects

A

insecta

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28
Q

what order are cockroaches

A

blattaria

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29
Q

what is the forensic relevance of cockroaches

A
  • feed on decaying corpses (typically later-stage)
  • nocturnal household pests
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30
Q

what order are earwigs

A

dermaptera

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31
Q

what is the forensic relevance of earwigs

A
  • damp habitats
  • commonly beneath a corpse as daylight shelter area
  • predatory
32
Q

what order are beetles

A

coleoptera

33
Q

what family are predatory beetles

A

staphilinidae

34
Q

when do predatory beetles arrive

A
  • early after death
  • remain throughout rotting cycle
35
Q

when do scarab beetles arrive

A
  • commonly after 1-2 days
  • can be as soon as 15 mins tho
36
Q

what is the family name for ground beetles

A

carabidae

37
Q

when do ground beetles arrive

A
  • early
  • remain throughout rotting period
38
Q

when do histerid beetles arrive

A
  • in very large numbers
  • feed on maggots
  • stay throughout decomposition period
39
Q

what family are burying beetles

A

siphidae

40
Q

when do burying beetles arrive

A
  • early
  • stay throughout decomp
  • larvae and adults will be found in corpses
41
Q

do silphidae larvae feed on remains or maggots or both

A
  • authors cannot agree
  • some say one, and not the other, some say both
42
Q

what beetles are present during early stage of decomp

A
  • predatory
  • scarab
  • ground
  • histerid
  • burying
43
Q

what family are carpet beetles

A

dermestidae

44
Q

what family are museum beetles

A

dermestidae

45
Q

what do dermestidae feed on

A
  • dried skin
  • hair
  • larvae
  • adults
46
Q

what is the forensic relevance of dermestidae

A

identifying location, not necessarily associated w corpses

47
Q

what order are caddisflies

A

trichoptera

48
Q

where do immature caddisflies live

A

live in cases made of sand, twigs, or leaves

49
Q

where do we find caddisflies

A
  • underwater/ aquatic habitats
  • rapidly consume submerged corpses and decaying matter
50
Q

true/false identifying underwater specimens is similar to land specimens

A
  • false
  • typically a specialist (an aquatic entomologist) is needed because of how different it can be
51
Q

what is an example as to why aquatic specimens need to be handled by specialists

A
  • red bloodworms (chironamidae, midges) were recovered form a corpse in a river
  • mididentified as carpet fibres
52
Q

what family are mayflies

A

ephemeroptera

53
Q

what order are flies

A

diptera

54
Q

what is a specimen that looks like a fly w 4 wings

A

not a fly

55
Q

describe the structure of flies

A
  • 2 wings
  • hind wings reduced to haltereses
56
Q

which of the following are flies: blow flies, butterfly, dragonfly, house fly, dragon fly

A
  • blow flies
  • house fly
  • dragon fly
  • any with 2 word names
57
Q

which flies are first to arrive in cooler climates

A

calliphoridae (blow flies)

58
Q

which flies are first to arrive in warmer climates

A

sarcophagidae (flesh flies)

59
Q

where do blow flies deposit and what

A
  • deposit eggs
  • in folds, eyes, ears etc
60
Q

where do flesh flies deposit and what

A
  • deposit larvae
  • in folds, eyes, ears etc
61
Q

true/false some blow fly maggots are predatory to other maggots

A

true

62
Q

what is the main role of blow flies

A

to consume carrion

63
Q

what is the family name of cheese skippers

A

piophilidae

64
Q

where do we tend to find cheese skippers

A
  • stored products and dried foodstuff
  • associated with slaughter houses and tanneries
65
Q

true/false maggots are often found in graves

A
  • true
  • found in 10% of graves 3-10 years old
  • found in egyptian mummies too
66
Q

true/false maggots can’t jump

A
  • false
  • they can jump up to 3 inches to escape predators
  • also to migrate to pupate away from corpse
67
Q

true/false maggots don’t react well to heat

A
  • false
  • they can tolerate up to 54 C for 1 hour and 45 C for 24 hours
68
Q

what goes through simple or ametabolous developmentand what is it

A
  • silverfish, and other primitative insects
  • its a gradual increase in the size of the young until adult dimensions are attained
69
Q

what goes through incomplete or hemimetabolous metamorphosis and what is it

A
  • earwigs
  • larvae are similar to adults but missing some structures like wings
70
Q

what goes through complete or holometabolous metamorphosis and what is it

A
  • most insects, including beetles and flies
  • distinct immature stage (like maggots or grubs) and then pupae and adult
71
Q

which instars do keys exist for

A
  • most for 3rd
  • some 2nd
  • very few egg or 1st
72
Q

how do we identify instar

A
  • based on posterior paired spiracles
  • either 1, 2, or 3 openings
73
Q

how do blow fly larvae emerge from the egg casing

A

they split the egg along the length at the plastron (p is plastron… the midline)

74
Q

how do adult flies emerge

A
  • break open the pupae with a specialized temporary structure called a ptilinum
  • swelling on the head breaks pupal case
  • the fly emerges, ptilinum shrinks, fly exoskeleton hardens
75
Q

what happens if there is damage to the exoskeleton as the fly is emerging from the pupa

A

a scar will be produced

76
Q
A

entomology (9 decks)

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