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entomology > Important stuff > Flashcards

Important stuff Flashcards

1
Q

what information can we get from insects off transportation vehicles

A
  • they represent a record of the travel route of the vehicle because they burst on impact
  • can show if they were parked under trees (honey dew falls and insects get stuck in it)
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2
Q

are there aquatic specialist insects

A

no, just opportunists

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3
Q

what will we find with carcasses in riffle zones (water)

A

high proportion of scrapers and predators than surrounding region

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4
Q

what will we find with carcasses in pool zones (water)

A

more collector-gatherers and shredders

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5
Q

are there city and rural insects

A

yes

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6
Q

should you use cyanide as a killing agent

A

no

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7
Q

adults should be stored in what

A

75-80% ethanol or ethyl alcohol

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8
Q

labels for insects should be done how

A
  • in pencil in the bottle
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9
Q

true/false pinning is needed for identification of collections from corpses

A
  • false
  • only done for reference collections
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10
Q

when and how should maggots be killed

A
  • on site
  • boil water and drop in for a few seconds
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11
Q

true/false we should always shade thermometer from sunlight when taking temperatures

A

true

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12
Q

how do sticky traps work

A
  • place them 3 feet/ 1m away from body
  • label them and place in containers to bring to lab
  • at lab flies are removed and washed w thinner and placed in ethanol
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13
Q

what is the best colour of net

A

white (lit says dark green but they lie)

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14
Q

how many maggots should you take from a body

A
  • 20-100 of the largest ones to preserve
  • a second collection to rear
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15
Q

what is a berlese funnel

A
  • a light bulb held over soil
  • they wanna get away from the light so they go down the funnel bt then die in the collecting jar
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16
Q

why do we pin this will be a question

A

to collect and preserve a specimen without altering data

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17
Q

how do we pin

A
  • pin through thorax
  • or white glue/clear nail polish to attach to side of pins
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18
Q

what should go on the labels for a pinned specimen

A
  • your name
  • place
  • date
  • identification
  • ecological info
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19
Q

what are the diff pupal stages

A
  • pre pupal
  • pupal
  • pre emergence
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20
Q

mites are in what class and subclass

A
  • class: arachnida
  • subclass: acari
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21
Q

larval mites have how many legs

A

6

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22
Q

nympths and adult mites have how many legs

A

8

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23
Q

how many types of mites are there

A
  • 2
  • designated by body shape
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24
Q

what are the nymph mite stages

A
  • protonymph
  • deutonymph
  • sometimes have a third tritonymph
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25
Q

what are trombiculidae normally called

A

chiggers

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26
Q

what family are scabies mites

A

sarcoptidae

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27
Q

how are scabies mites spread

A

by direct contact or exchange of infected clothing

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28
Q

true/false scabies mites are parasitic

A
  • true
  • on humans (feed on skin)
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29
Q

where are straw itch mites found

A
  • in hay, straw, grain
  • so theyre found on humans after they have had contect w straw hay and grain
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30
Q

where are fowl mites found

A
  • on all birds
  • humans are not the host, but they can be infested temporarily
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31
Q

where are dust mites found

A
  • in bedding, carpet, stuffed toys, furniture etc
  • feed on dead skin
  • love humidity, so turning it down all the way can get rid of them
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32
Q

what is a sign you might have dust mites

A

red rash around the neck, headaches, fatigue, depression

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33
Q

where do we find house mouse mites

A

in rodent nests, worldwide. will attack people

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34
Q

what does clearing an insect mean

A

the process of preparing and preserving insect specimens for analysis

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35
Q

how do we collect mites

A
  • heat extraction or floatation
  • store in alcohol
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36
Q

what is the most common way of heat extraction

A

berlese funnels

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37
Q

do we pin mites

A

no, we put them on a microsope

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38
Q

true/false insects are associated w cannabis sativa L

A

true
can be useful to identify the source

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39
Q

true/false the ingredients made by plants that make them fun for humans are often made by plants to act as insecticides

A

true

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40
Q

true/false poisons often act on the nervous system, targeting receptors in the brain

A

true

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41
Q

true/false specialized insects associated w plants have evolved mechanism =s to bypass toxins

A

true

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42
Q

where are scatopsidae found

A
  • in outhouses
  • maggots live in decaying plant and animal tissue
  • live around the world, associated w humans
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43
Q

where are sciaridae found

A

in organic decaying matter (dead leaves, moss fungi)

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44
Q

where are stratiomyidae found

A
  • outhouses
  • rotting vegetation
  • human cadavers
  • inside of humans if eggs or larvae are ingested
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45
Q

where are drosophilidae found

A

rotting vegetation (fruit flies)

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46
Q

where are phoridae found

A

rotting vegetation

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47
Q

where are milichiidae found

A

rotting vegetation, manure, dung sewage. urinals, butcher shops

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48
Q

are coleoptera attracted to food?

A
  • yes
  • often grain
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49
Q

how do you calculate variance

A

standard deviation squared

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50
Q

a variance/ mean=1 means what (“around one”)

A

random distribution pattern

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51
Q

a variance/ mean<1 means what

A

regular distribution pattern

52
Q

a variance/ mean>1 means what

A

aggregated/ clumped distribution pattern

53
Q

what is VMR

A

variance to mean ratio

54
Q

true/false aggregation favours the more common species

A
  • false
  • favours the less common
55
Q

what happens if a species reduces aggregation with high vs low numbers

A
  • high reduces intraspecific competition
  • low risks extinction
56
Q

what happens if a species increases aggregation with high vs low numbers

A
  • high increases intraspecific competition
  • low stop extinction
57
Q

how long does the wandering stage last

A

1-3 days

58
Q

what does alive blow fly larvae on corpses suggest

A

recent submersion, perhaps moved from another site

59
Q

do maggots crawl different horizontal distances if the ground in flat or undulated

A

yes. (same total distance but in a horizontal line its diff)

60
Q

true/false heavier larvae are pupae are found closer to the carcass

A

true

61
Q

does decomposition take longer when theyre burried

A

yes (worms and stuff help but theyre not as good)

62
Q

the presence of blowflies on buried corpses indicates what

A

that a corpse has been on the surface for a period of time before burial

63
Q

corpses in water’s body heat is lost _____ as fast as on land

A

2x

64
Q

true/false decay is delayed in water bodies

A

true

65
Q

what are the 6 stages of completely submerged corpses

A
  1. fresh submerged
  2. early floating
  3. floating decay
  4. bloated deterioration
  5. floating remains
  6. sunken remains
66
Q

when can mummification occur

A

in high temps and dry conditions

67
Q

will burnt bodies have more or less insects

A

less

68
Q

true/false food affects the growth of insects

A

true

69
Q

what do flies grown on brains look like

A
  • poor survival
  • small flies
70
Q

what do flies grown on liver look like

A
  • good survival
  • large flies
71
Q

what do flies grown on muscle look like

A
  • good survival
  • large flies
72
Q

true/false each fly species is distinct, with distinct behaviours

A

true

73
Q

true/false surveys are often based on trapping flies in a region, without understanding the trap response

A

true

74
Q

describe how flies smell bodies

A
  • odour hits the fly
  • they fly in that direction bak and forth until they get a new odour packed
  • keep zig zagging like this until it sees corpse
75
Q

true/false you can avoid bias altogether through good trapping methods

A
  • false
  • every trapping method has bias
76
Q

true/false as more flies are caught, the nature of the trap changes

A

true

77
Q

what are intrinsic factors of variability

A
  • timing of colonizing
  • distance
  • number of colonizers
  • competition
78
Q

what are extrinsic factors of variability

A
  • moisture
  • sun vs shade
  • species that arrive
  • distance to nearest corpse
  • predators/ parasites/ disease
  • the carcass size, health of individual, exposure of organs etc
79
Q

true/false maggots moult between each stage

A

true

80
Q

pupae get _______ darker/ lighter with age

A

darker

81
Q

if the maggots in the genital area were flesh flies, would truscott be innocent or guilty?

A

innocent (early morning colonization)

82
Q

if the maggots in the genital area were blowflies, would truscott be innocent or guilty?

A

guilty (late afternoon colonization)

83
Q

what do height traps with choices decide

A

flies get to pick their optimal height

84
Q

what do height traps without choices decide

A

are flies willing to go outside of their optimum height

85
Q

what does it mean if the person who named smth is in brackets

A

the name has since been changed

86
Q

what is the goal for immature insects

A

to obtain lots of food quickly

87
Q

what is the goal for adults

A

to find mates, disperse, and find new carcasses

88
Q

true/false flies are ectotherms

A

true

89
Q

what are 2 words to describe the life history of flies

A
  • holometabolous
  • complete metamorphosis
90
Q

what order are flies

A

diptera

91
Q

what order are mites

A

acari

92
Q

true/false spiders are predatory

A

true

93
Q

true/false pseudoscorpions are predatory

A

true

94
Q

when do pseudoscorptions typically show up

A

late stage decay

95
Q

when do malacostraca typically show up

A

all stages

96
Q

true/false sow/pill pubs are predatory

A

false

97
Q

true/false centipedes are predatory

A

true

98
Q

true/false millipedes are predatory

A

false

99
Q

what do springtails indicate

A

top soil and turf

100
Q

what do silverfish indicate

A

dried remains, indoors

101
Q

what do millipedes indicate

A

location

102
Q

what do cockroaches indicate

A

late stage

103
Q

true/false earwigs are predatory

A

true

104
Q

true/false cockroaches are predatory

A

false

105
Q

what order are beetles

A

coleoptera

106
Q

when are beetles present

A

all stages (diff species at diff times tho)

107
Q

what is the trick with the names of flies he taught

A
  • 2 words is a fly: blow fly, house fly, dragon fly
  • one isnt: dragonfly, butterfly
108
Q

which are quicker to arrive in cooler climates: calliphoridae, sarcophagidae

A

calliphoridae

109
Q

which are quicker to arrive in warmer climates: calliphoridae, sarcophagidae

A

sarcophagidae

110
Q

where do cheese skippers indicate

A

stored products, dried foods, slaughter houses etc

111
Q

what is simple or ametabolous development

A
  • immature look like adults
  • ex. silverfish
112
Q

what is incomplete or hemimetabolous development

A
  • larvae similar to adults, but missing structures
  • ex. earwigs
113
Q

what is complete or holometabolous development

A
  • distinct immature stage
  • ex. flies, beetles
114
Q

what is the slowest organ to decompose

A

uterus

115
Q

what are the 6 stages of decomp

A
  • fresh
  • bloated
  • active
  • advanced
  • dry
  • remains
116
Q

what are the 5 stages of decay

A
  • initial
  • putrefaction
  • black putrefaction
  • butyric fermentation
  • dry decay
117
Q

“dae” means what

A

family

118
Q

“nae” means what

A

subfamily

119
Q

whatre the 2 subfamilies of silphidae

A
  • nicrophorinae
  • silphinae
120
Q

true/false silphinae have parental care

A

false, little to none

121
Q

true/false nicrophorinae have parental care

A

true

122
Q

true/false silphids will pretend to be wasps or bees

A

true

123
Q

which subfamily can be identified by their maculations

A

nicrophorinae

124
Q

what is the term for immature beetle

A

grub

125
Q

what are the diff categories of insects associated w carcasses

A
  • necrophageous
  • predatory
  • omnivorious
  • accidental/ adventive
126
Q

what order should you put the labels on the pin for pinning stuff

A
  • top
    ecological label
    collecting data
    identification label
127
Q
A

entomology (10 decks)

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