Non-infectious neurological diseases Flashcards
List some non-infectious neurological diseases
- Cerebrocortical necrosis
- Lead intoxication
- Milk fever
- Ketosis/pregnancy toxaemia
- Salt poisoning
- Grass staggers
- Copper deficiency
- Hypovitaminosis A
- Nerve paralysis
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Congenital disorders
What neurological non-infectious diseases affect new-borns?
- Bacterial meningoencephalitis
- Cerebellar disease
- Hydrocephalus
- Hydrancephaly
What can cause lead intoxication?
- Lead in plants
- Lead in feed components
- Battery compounds
- Lead based paints
What is the pathogenesis of lead intoxication?
- Binds to RBC
- Inhibits sugars in nervous tissue
What is the lethal dose of lead?
- ACUTE - 0.2-0.4g/kg
- Daily - 6-7mg/kg or 300ppm
What are the clinical signs of acute and subacute lead intoxication?
DEATH IN 12-96 HOURS due to respiratory and CNS failure
What are the clinical signs of chronic lead intoxication?
- Numbness
- Inappetence
- Staggering, tremors, convulsions
- Opisthotonis, constriction of pupil, eyelid twitching
- Gametogenic
How do we diagnose lead intoxication?
- Blood levels - 0.35ppm
- Liver levels - 10ppm
- Kidney cortex levels - 10ppm
How do we treat lead intoxication?
- Increase GIT motility
- Thiamine
- Supportive
List some drugs that increase GIT motility
- 2-3% sodium suphate
- Magnesium sulphate - IV
- Ca-EDTA
When does nerve paralysis most commonly occur?
Following a traumatic calving
Obturator nerve damage
Incoordination of hind limbs on sound footing
Severe abduction on slippery surfaces
Peroneal nerve damage
Flexion of the hock and dorsal suface of the hoof may contact the ground
Tibial nerve damage
Flexion of the hock
Slight knucling of the fetlock
Affects BOTH limbs
Ulnar nerve damage
Stand on front limb at the fetlock joint
Radial nerve damage
Partial paralysis
Inability to extend limb
Dropped elbow
Femoral nerve damage
Inability to extend stifle
Inability to weight bear
Dog-sitting posture
Rapid atrophy
What causes bacterial meningoencephalitis?
Secondary septicaemia from E coli in newborns
What are the clinical signs of bacterial meningoencephalitis?
- Depression
- Fever
- Hyperirritability - hyperaesthesia
- Opisthotonus
- Convulsions
- Compa
- Muscle rigidity
- Omphalo-phlebitis
How do we treat bacterial meningoencephalitis?
ANT (penicillin or aminoglycosides) - rarely effective
What causes cerebellar disease?
Neonatal or post-natal infection wtih BVDB or bluetongue
What are the clinical signs of cerebellar disease?
- Lack of voluntary movement control
- No strength
- Intenetion head tremors
- Ataxia
- Hypo/jypermetria
- Spasticity
How do we treat cerebellar disease?
None
What causes hydrocephalus?
- Autosomal recessive trait
- Vitamin A deficiency
What are the clinical signs of hydrocephalus?
- Stillbirth
- Blindness
- Depression
- Death in first few days of life
What is hydrancephaly?
Absence of a cerebral hemisphere in the cranium
What causes hydrancephaly?
Intra-uterine viral infections, e.g. BVDV and bluetongue
Intrauterine trauma
What are the clinical signs for hydrancephaly?
- Blindness
- Depression
- Cerebellar signs
- Arthrogryposis
