Mastitis Flashcards
What are the contagious agents causing mastitis?
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Streptococcus dysgalactiae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Mycoplasma bovis/ovis/caprae
What are the environmental agents for mastitis?
- Streptococcus uberis
- Coagulase negative Staphylococci
- Truperella pyogenes
- Coliforms
- Pseudomonas
- Candida
What other agents can cause mastitis?
- Prototheca*
- Clostridium perfringens*
How to organisms gain entry to the teats?
Through the streak canal, then progress upwards to the lactigerous sinus, collecting ducts and alveoli
What are the different types of mastitis?
- Sub-clinical
- Clinical
- Per-acute
- Acute
- Sub-acute
- Chronic
What are the predisposing factors for mastitis?
- Stage of lactation - first 2 months post partum
- Sphincter size - older cows have larger openings
- Anatomy
- Immunological status
- Presence of udder lesions
- Milking management system (hygiene)
- Nutrition
What are the differences between acute and chronic cases of mastitis?
- ACUTE - hot, swollen and oedematous
- CHRONIC - hard, cold and atrophic
SCC in Q class milk
<300,000/ml
SCC in 1st class milk
<100,000/ml
What is the pH of mastitis milk?
Increased pH (>7)
Describe the ranges for California milk test
0 - <200,000 - negative, fluid mixes without thickening or slime formation
1 - 300,000 - slight thickening
2 - 900,000 - distinct thickening, with no slime
3 - 2,700,000 - slime formation
4 - 8,000,000 - slime, gel with solid peaks
Whats the difference between treating mastitis in cows and sheep?
COW - intramammary preparations
SHEEP - no intramammary preparations available
What intramammary ATB can be used for mastitis?
- Penicillin
- Erythromycin
- Oxytetracycline
- Streptomycin
What parenteral ATB can be used for mastitis?
NEVER LONG LASTING
- Amoxicillin
- Cefquinome
- Marbofloxacin
- Enrofloxacin
- Tylosin
- Lincomycin
Why are weakly basic drugs better for mastitis?
As they accumulate in the mammary gland - tylosin and lincomycin
What is the MAIN cause of mastitis in cows?
Staphylococcus aureus
How to Staph aureus transmitted?
- Fomites
- From infected quarters
- Milker’s hands and equipment
- Contaminated bedding
What are the forms of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis?
- Acute/peracute
- Gangrenous peracute
- Chronic
Describe the clinical signs of acute/peracute Staph aureus mastitis
- Fever
- Swollen hot painful quarters
- Purulent secretion with clots and flakes
Describe the clinical signs for gangrenous mastitis caused by Staph aureus
- Swollen, hot and painful quarters
- Progreses to cold
- Crepitation
- Blue/black colour
- Severe systemic signs - tachycardia, fever, depression, inappetence
Describe the clinical signs for chronic mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus
- Slow development
- Fibrosis
- Atrophy
- Occasional milk clots
What Streptococcal agents can cause contagious mastitis?
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Which Mycoplasma species cause mastitis in ruminants?
- Mycoplasma bovis - COW
- Mycoplasma agalactiae/mycoides - SHEEP and GOATS
Describe the clinical signs of mastitis caused by mycoplasma
- Decreased milk yield
- Udder oedema
- Supramammary lymph node enlargement
- Mild fever and anorexia
- Secretions progress from fine, then grainy or flaky, then cheesy
- Arthritis and pneumonia
Which Streptococcal spp. are found in the environment?
Streptococcus uberis
When do cows suffer from environmental streptoccocal mastitis?
Usually during the dry period, in the winter months
How effective is treatment of environmental streptococcal mastitis?
90% - using intramammary penicillin
What are the clinical signs of Trueperella mastitis?
PERACUTE DISEASE WITH HIGH MORTALITY
- Severe systemic reaction
- Fever
- Tachcyardia
- Anorexia, depression, weakness
- Abortion
- Hard, swollen, painful udder
- Purulent and foul smelling secretion
- Abscess in udder with sloughing
What is the prognosis of Trueperella mastitis?
POOR! Even with treatment
Which coliforms can cause environmental mastitis?
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Pasteurella
- Pseudomonas
When is coliform mastitis typically seen?
During early lactation
What are the clinical signs of coliform mastitis?
PERACUTE/ACUTE
- Warm swollen quarter
- Serum/watery secretion
- Fever
- Endotoxaemia
- Anorexia
- Septicaemia
- Death
How do we treat coliform mastitis?
- Systemic and local ATB
- Fluids
- NSAIDs
- 300ml 5% betadine
- Milk every 2 hours to prevent build up of endotoxins
What fungi can cause mastitis?
- Candida albicans
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Cryptococcus neoformans
What conditions are good for fungal growth?
Moisture and warmth
What are the clinical signs of fungal mastitis?
ACUTE
- Udder inflammation
- Swelling of affected quarters
- Enlarged supramammary lymph nodes
- Significant drop in milk production
- Viscous, white-grey, mucoid secretions
How to treat fungal mastitis?
- DISCONTINUE USE OF ATB
- Strip affected quarters 4 x daily
List some other causes of mastitis
- Clostridium perfringens
- Mycobacterium bovis
- Pasteurella haemolyticum
