Non hodgkins lymphoma Flashcards
Why imporatnt get diagnosis correct
Each subtype has different optimal treatment
What are non hodgkins lymphomas
Malignant proliferation of lymphocytes derived from B cells
Remainder occuring form T cells or NK cells
6th ost common cancer in YK
NHL vs HL
NHL - B/T cells at various maturation stages, increases with age, non contigious spread, extra nodal disease common, systemic symptoms uncommon, AI disorders, organ transplant etc , lymphadenopathy anywahere
HL - RS cells mature B cells, bimodal age, contigious spread upper body lymhp nodes, extranodal uncommon , systemic symptoms common
Infections increasing risk of NHL
HIV - burkitts or diffuse large B cell
HTLV-I - T cell leukaemia
EBV - burkitt
H.pylori - MALT lymphoma
Hep C
Risks for NHL
Infection
Immunosupression esp post transplatn
AI disease - RA, SLE, sjrogens, coeliac, hashimotos thyroiditis
What gene is ass with follicular lymphoma
BCL12 translocation
What gene is ass with bukitt lymphoma
MYC transloaction
What type of NHL is most aggressive and hoe common is it
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
30-58% of all NHL
What is most common indolent NHL
Follicular lymphoma
35% of all NHL
Most common lymph noes in NHL adenopathy
Cervical, axillary, inguinal, femoral
Extranodal aslo common
Most common effected extra nodal sites NHL
GI tract - esp stomach
Skin
Bone marrow -> cytopneia
Symptoms due to mass effect from enlarging lymph nodes
SVC syndrome
External biliary tree compression - jaundice
Ureter compression - hydronephrosis
Bowel obstruction
Vomitting and constiaption
Impaired lymph drainage - chylous pleural or peritoneal fluid or lymphoedema of lower limbs
NHL features
Lymphadenopathy
Compression symptoms from above
GI tract, skin or bone marrow affected
B sympmots = worse prognosis
What is mycosis fungoides
Skin lesions incl eczematous reaction -> plaques, tumours, fungating ulcers and erythroderma extremely itchy
Features of NHL severe
mediastinal mass, superior vena cava syndrome and meningeal disease with cranial nerve palsies
Features of adult T cell leukaemia lmphoma
fulminating clinical course with skin infiltrates, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and leukaemia
May have hyperalcemia