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ID > Non-HIV and Non-Hepatitis > Flashcards

Non-HIV and Non-Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
ICAM-1

A

polio

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2
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
CD4

A

HIV

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3
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
acetylcholine

A

rabies

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4
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
EGF

A

vaccinia

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5
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
CR2/CD21

A

Epstein-Barr

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6
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
HVEM

A

herpes

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7
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
sialic acid

A

influenza, reo, corona

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8
Q

Receptor -> Virus?
ACE2

A

SARS, COVID-19

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9
Q

Many antivirals are prodrugs and need to be _________ in order to become active

A

phosphorylated

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10
Q

Drugs for Herpes Viruses
ORAL

A
  • acyclovir
  • valacyclovir
  • famiciclovir
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11
Q

Drugs for Herpes Viruses
TOPICAL

A
  • acyclovir
  • docosanol
  • penicyclovir
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12
Q

Drugs for Herpes Viruses
OPHTHALMIC

A

trifluridine

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13
Q

acyclovir MOA

A
  • inhibition of viral synthesis of DNA
  • Virus-specific thymidine kinase (TK) phosphorylates to acyclovir monophosphate; cellular enzymes convert to acyclovir triphosphate
  • lacks 3’-hydroxyl group & results in chain termination; inactivates the viral DNA polymerase-guanosine analog
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14
Q

Acyclovir formulations and SOA

A
  • topical, oral, intravenous
  • herpes simplex 1 & 2, varicella-zoster virus, possibly Epstein-Barr Virus
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15
Q

Valacyclovir formulations and SOA

A
  • oral only
  • similar to acyclovir
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16
Q

L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir

A

Valacyclovir MOA

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16
Q

acyclovir resistance mechanisms

A
  • reduced or absent thymidine kinase
  • altered TK substrate specificity
  • alteration in DNA polymerase

–cross resistance to famciclovir and valacyclovir

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17
Q

Famciclovir formulations and SOA

A
  • oral only
  • HSV 1 & 2, VZV, to a lesser extent EBV
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18
Q

Famciclovir

A
  • cyclic analog
  • converted to penciclovir in the liver and intestines
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19
Q

Famciclovir resistance

A

mutations in VIRAL TK

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20
Q

Ganciclovir MOA

A
  • inhibit DNA polymerase
  • viral-coded phosphotransferase converts to ganciclovir triphosphate, therefore more effective than acyclovir
20
Q

ANTI-CMV AGENTS

A

Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
Foscarnet
Cidofovir

21
Q

Ganciclovir formulations and SOA

A
  • oral, intravenous, intraocular
  • CMV, EBV, HSV/VZV
    —-very effective in treating CMV retinitis in AIDS patients
22
Q

Vanganciclovir MOA

A

inhibition of viral synthesis of DNA

23
Q

Vanganciclovir formulations and SOA

A
  • oral only (quickly hydrolyzed after absorption)
  • similar to ganciclovir
24
Q

Foscarnet MOA

A
  • inhibition of viral synthesis of DNA
  • does not require thymidine kinase
  • selective inhibition at the pyrophosphate binding site on virus-specific DNA polymerase
  • noncompetitive inhibitor; doesn’t affect cellular DNA polymerase
25
Q

Foscarnet formulations and SOA

A
  • IV only (controlled infusions)
  • CMV (including ganciclovir resistant strains; acyclovir resistant HSV or VZV, EBV
26
Q

Cidofovir MOA

A
  • inhibition of viral synthesis of DNA
27
Q

Cidofovir formulations and SOA

A
  • IV only
  • CMV including acyclovir and foscarnet resistant, HSV 1 & 2, VZV, EBV
28
Q

caveats for Cidofovir

A
  • must be avoided in preexisting renal impairment
  • AE: nephrotoxicity )dose-limiting), neutropenia, metabolic acidosis
29
Q

Cidofovir resistance

A

Foscarnet activity not affected by cidofovir resistance

30
Q

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

A
  • caused by reactivation of Varicella zoster virus (VZV) initial infection causes chickenpox
  • effective vaccine available
31
Q

Shingles therapy

A
  • acyclovir
  • famciclovir
  • valacyclovir
32
Q

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

A

non-enveloped dbl-strand virus

33
Q

Imiquimod MOA

A

IMMUNOMODULATOR
- activates immune cells (monocytes, macrophages, NK cells)
- produces antiviral cytokines

33
Q

HPV Treatment

A
  • imiquimod (Aldara)
  • Trichloroacetic Acid
34
Q

Podofilox (Condylox)

A

PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
- main ingredient in podophyllin
- MOA unknown

35
Q

Lopinavir

A

experimental for HPV but approved for HIV as protease inhibitor

36
Q

Vaccines against HPV

A

Gardasil - types 6, 11, 16, 18
Cervarix - types 16 and 18
Gardisil9 - types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58

37
Q

Influenza Viruses

A

neuraminidase and hemagglutinin
- undergoes antigenic shift and drift

38
Q

influenza A causes…

A

worldwide epidemics (pandemics)

39
Q

Influenza B causes…

A

major outbreaks of influenza

40
Q

Influenza Agents

A

oseltamivir
zanamivir
amantadine
rimantadine

41
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) formualtion & MOA

A

ORAL-neuraminidase inhibitor
- cleaves terminal SIALIC ACID

41
Q

Zanamivir (Relenza) formualtion & MOA

A

INHALATION- neuraminidase inhibitor

42
Q

Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Rmantadine (Flumadine)
MOA

A

prevents the release of viral nucleic acid into host cell

43
Q

drugs for COVID-19

A

Rotinavir-Boosted Nirmatrelvir
- metabolized by 3A4
- CYP450 3A4 inhibitor

43
Q

Monkey Pox Sx

A
  • invasion period (lasts 0-5 days): fever, chills, HA, backache
  • skin eruption ( begins 1-3 days) : development of rash including lesions and pustules, during this time, the patient is the most
    –lasts 2-4 wks
44
Q

Smallpox vaccines

A

ACAM2000
JYNNEOS

44
Q

Monkeypox Tx

A

Tecovirmat (TPOXX or ST-246)
- not FDA approved
- limited to patients who are at risk of severe disease like immunocompromised conditions or children younger than 8

ID (8 decks)

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