Non-dissociative hallucinogens

Question 1

Psilocybin and metabolite

Answer 1

magic mushrooms, ingested and metabolized into psilocin, a psychoactive compound

Question 2

Mescaline

Answer 2

from peyote cactus, similar to LSD but 1/2000 less potent

Question 3

DMT

Answer 3

South American plant that when smoked or snorted produces a brief (30 min) but intense hallucinatory experience

Question 4

Ayahuasca

Answer 4

drink with DMT + beta-carbolines (MAOIs) which probably block breakdown of DMT

Question 5

LSD

Answer 5

synthetic hallucinogen derived from ergot fungus on rye

Question 6

Historical uses of LSD

Answer 6

psycholytic therapy (psychic loosening or opening), psychedelic therapy (high doses to gain insight into problems)

Question 7

Salvinorin A administration

Answer 7

smoking or chewing, leading to buccal absorption; swallowing has no effect

Question 8

251-NBOMe

Answer 8

usually taken orally, very potent and easy to overdose; causes agitation, heart props, seizures, kidney failure

Question 9

Ibogaine

Answer 9

low dose psychostimulant, high dose psychedelic

Question 10

Stages of a trip

Answer 10

onset, plateau, peak, comedown

Question 11

Trip effects

Answer 11

vivid visual hallucinations, slowing sense of time, depersonalization, synesthesia, can be good or bad depending on expectations and environment

Question 12

Indoleamine hallucinogens

Answer 12

structurally similar to 5-HT; LSD, psilocybin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, ibogaine

Question 13

Phenethylamine hallucinogens

Answer 13

structurally similar to NE; mescaline, NBOMes, DOM

Question 14

Time course

Answer 14

LSD, mushrooms, peyote starts after 30-90 minutes and lasts 6-12 hours; DMT, salvia starts in minutes and ends in 30-60 minutes

Question 15

Role of 5-HT2A

Answer 15

activation of 5-HT2A leads to psychoactive effect

Question 16

Salvinorin A pharmacodynamics

Answer 16

kappa-opioid agonist

Question 17

Neural mechanism that creates hallucinations

Answer 17

trigger population of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the PFC, prolonged EPSPs lead to increased glutamatergic signaling

Question 18

BDNF

Answer 18

psilocin and 5-HT2A receptor agonists increase BDNF in prefrontal and limbic regions, may increase neuroplasticity

Question 19

Mood treatments

Answer 19

peak experience is the desired subjective state, followed by an afterglow lasting days to weeks, explored to treat mood disorders

Question 20

Psilocybin for cancer patients

Answer 20

reduced anxiety, pain, and increased positive affect; mediated by rapid glutamate-dependent neural plasticity