Caffeine

Question 1

Methylxanthine class

Answer 1

includes caffeine, theophylline, theobromine

Question 2

Caffeine with pollinators

Answer 2

enhanced pollinator’s memory of reward

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

readily absorbed by stomach and small intestine 30-60 minutes after ingestion

Question 4

Distributed

Answer 4

distributed to all body tissues, including brain

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

metabolized by P450 into paraxanthine

Question 6

Half-life

Answer 6

3-4 hours in plasma, decreased in smokers and increased in women who are pregnant or on oral contraceptives, decreased in smokers

Question 7

Normal dose effects

Answer 7

increase in energy, mood, alertness, and attention, biphasic effect on mood in lab animals

Question 8

Reproductive effects

Answer 8

may slow growth in utero, interfere with embryo implantation

Question 9

Caffeinism/caffeine intoxication

Answer 9

restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, tachycardia, muscle twitching, GI upset up to seizures, cardiac arrhythmias at 10-20 grams

Question 10

Caffeine use disorder 3 criteria

Answer 10

1) difficulty in reducing caffeine use 2) continued caffeine use despite knowledge of effects 3) withdrawal symptoms upon abstinence

Question 11

Adenosine receptors

Answer 11

g-protein coupled, caffeine is an antagonist at the A1 and A2A receptors

Question 12

Chronic exposure to caffeine

Answer 12

upregulation of adenosine receptors

Question 13

Withdrawal

Answer 13

depression, fatigue, irritability, headaches, muscle aches; 4-10 days

Question 14

A2A and D2 complexes

Answer 14

A2A receptors form heteromeric complexes with DA D2

Question 15

Caffeine effect in Nacc shell

Answer 15

causes DA and GLU release