Non-Directional Beacons (NDB) - Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

NDB

A

A ground based station

Omnidirectional

Transmits to ADF (in AC)

2 Types: - Locator - Enroute

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2
Q

NBD Frequency

A

190kHz - 1750kHz

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3
Q

NBD Class

A

B: +/- 5 degrees

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4
Q

ADF Made up of

A
  • Loop antenna - which has two null points
  • Sense Antenna - Added to take away null position - carotid pattern which deletes the wrong one
  • ADF receiver (onboard the AC)
  • Indicator
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5
Q

Buttons:

A

Inner/Outer Knob - Used to tune the STDBY
Double Arrow Button - Swaps use freq. - standby freq.
ADF - Selects the equipment
BFO - Unmute button
Test Button - Knocks beacon over to 90 degrees

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6
Q

Cone of Confusion/Silence

A

Directly overhead NBD signal

It becomes disturbed or even totally disappears

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7
Q

Diameter of Cone of Silence

A

(Height above NDB)(tan40)(2) / (6080ft/nm)

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8
Q

A1A Beacons

A

BFO / Tune button must be selected on to listen to it

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9
Q

Fixed Card ADF

A

Radio Compass - Indicates relative bearing

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10
Q

Moving Card ADF

A

Indicates Magnetic bearing (QDM/QDR)

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11
Q

Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)

A

RMI

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12
Q

Electronic Nav

A

Display symbols

EFIS ND

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13
Q

Relative Bearing =

A

= Magnetic Bearing - Magnetic Heading

= QMD - Mag. HDG

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14
Q

If moving card breaks

A

It effectively becomes a fixed card

HDG becomes 000

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15
Q

RMI

A

AFD - Double Ended - single head:QDR - Double Head:QDM (large)

Easier to use

Class B: +/- 5 degrees

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16
Q

Left Wind =

A

Right drift : compass will decrease

17
Q

Right Wind =

A

= Left Drift : Compass will increase

18
Q

NBD Limited by Power

A

Varies with square root of power

To double the range you must increase the power by 4, to triple the range you must increase the power by 9

19
Q

NBD consists of

A

Surface waves and sky waves

20
Q

Limitations for NDBs

A

Lack of failure flags

21
Q

Errors

A
Static Interference 
Night Effect
Coastal Refraction
Multipath Propogation 
Quadrantal Error
Bank Angle Error
22
Q

Static Interference

A

TS - Can render the ADF completely unreliable

23
Q

Night Effect

A

Due to changes in air density

Worst at sunset and sunrise

24
Q

Coastal Refraction

A

Waves travel slower over land and faster over the sea

When on coast, no refraction

When abeam, (90) no refraction

25
Multipath Propagation (Mountain Effect)
Waves reflect / bounce off terrain Leading to multiple paths
26
Bank Angle Error
Design of the loop error Referred to as Dip Needle points into the turn
27
Quadrantal Error
AC structure bends the incoming wave Max: 45 degrees Min: 90 degrees