non communicable diseases Flashcards
what is a cardiovascular disease?
a disease that effects the heart or blood vessels.
what is a stent and what does it do?
a stent is a tube that is inserted into an artery to keep them open and allow blood to flow.
what are the positives and negatives of stents?
stents lower the risk of a heart attack in people with coronary heart disease.
they are effective long term.
recovery from surgery is quick.
a risk of infection from surgery.
potential blood clot forming at stent. (thrombosis)
what is a statin and what does it do?
a statin is a drug that reduces the amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
what are the positives and negatives of statins?
reduce the risk of strokes heart disease and heart attacks.
increase the amount of beneficial cholesterol.
long term that must be taken regularly.
can cause negative side effects. (such as headaches or memory loss)
non instant effects.
what is an artificial heart?
a mechanical device that pumps blood for a person whose heart has failed. (usually temporary)
what are the positives and negatives of an artificial heart?
it is unlikely to be rejected.
surgery can lead to bleeding or an infection.
parts can wear out.
blood doesn’t flow as smoothly as real hearts.
what is a mechanical valve for the heart?
a man made valve to replace a heavily damaged biological heart valve.
what are the positives and negatives of a mechanical valve?
replacing a valve is a less drastic procedure then a heart transplant.
can have problems with blood clots.
what is artificial blood?
a blood substitute used to replace a lost volume of blood.
what is health?
the state of physical and mental wellbeing.
what is a communicable and non communicable disease?
communicable diseases can spread from person to person or between animals and people.
non communicable diseases cannot spread between people or animals and usually come from inheritance or lifestyle, they generally last a long time and get worse slowly.
what are 3 factors that affect your health?
- a good balanced diet.
- stress you are under.
- your life situation. (such as if you have access to medicine)
what are risk factors?
things that are linked to an increase in the likelihood of developing a certain disease. (often an aspect of a persons lifestyle)
how are risk factors identified?
by scientists looking for correlations in data.
what is cancer caused by?
uncontrolled cell growth and division. (as a result of a change to a cell)
what are benign and malignant tumours?
benign tumours grow until there is no more room, it stays in place rather than invading other parts of the body, it normally isn’t dangerous and isn’t cancerous.
malignant tumours spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues and can spread around the body forming secondary tumours, it is dangerous and can be fatal, they are cancers.
what are 5 risk factors of cancer?
- smoking. (lung cancer)
- obesity. (bowel liver kidney cancer)
- uv exposure. (skin cancer)
- viral infection.
- inheriting faulty genes.
