Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Non-communicable diseases are not spread by pathogens, instead they are associated with risk factors.

Describe what is meant by a ‘risk factor’ for a disease.

A

A factor associated with an increased likelihood of getting a disease

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2
Q

Many non-communicable diseases are caused by several different risk factors interacting with each other.

Give some examples of these types of diseases.

A
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Liver and lung diseases
  • Many forms of cancer
  • Diseases influenced by nutrition
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3
Q

What is cardiovascular disease?

A

The term for any disease associated with your heart or blood vessels

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4
Q

(Exam-style question)

A
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5
Q

Explain how smoking can cause cardiovascular disease.

A
  • Nicotine in cigarettes increases heart rate, which increases blood pressure
  • High blood pressure damages artery walls, contributing to the build up of fatty deposits in the arteries
  • This restricts blood flow and increases the risk of a heart attack or stroke
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6
Q

Describe how drinking too much alcohol can cause liver disease.

A
  • When alcohol is broken down in the liver, toxic products are released
  • Too many of these toxic products can cause liver disease, e.g. cirrhosis
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7
Q

What lifestyle factor can cause diseases associated with malnutrition?

A

A diet with too many or too few nutrients

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8
Q

Describe the effects non-communicable diseases have on local areas.

A
  • There’s likely to be high rates of certain non-communicable diseases in areas where there are high levels of obesity, smoking or excess alcohol consumption
  • This can put pressure on the resources (money, beds, staff) of local hospitals
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9
Q

Describe the effects of non-communicable diseases on a national level.

A
  • These diseases are costly at a national level because the NHS provides resources for the treatment of patients all over UK
  • People suffering from a certain disease may not be able to work - reduction in the number of people able to work can affect a country’s economy
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10
Q

Describe the effects of non-communicable diseases on a global level.

A
  • In developing countries, malnutrition is a major issue as many people are unable to access enough food
  • The high cost and occurrence of these diseases can hold back the development of a country
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