Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds: Child protection > Non-accidental injury > Flashcards

Non-accidental injury Flashcards

1
Q

What are 8 examples of physical abuse to a child?

A
  1. Hitting
  2. Shaking
  3. Throwing
  4. Poisoning
  5. Burning
  6. Scalding
  7. Drowning
  8. Suffocating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is safeguarding?

A

not only should we intervene when there are clear instances of child maltreatment, but also vulnerabilities should be recognized and alerted to those involved in looking after the child or young person. This includes the parents or carers, teachers, social workers and the police

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 2 key principles of safeguarding children?

A
  1. safeguarding is everyone’s responsibility: for services to be effective each professional and organization should play their full part
  2. child-centred approach: for services to be effective they should be based on a clear understanding of the needs and views of children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 11 risk factors for child abuse?

A
  1. failure to meet parental expectations and aspirations, e.g. disabled, ‘wrong’ gender, ‘difficult’ child
  2. born after forced, coercive, or commercial sex
  3. parent/carer mental health problems
  4. parental indifference, intolerance, or over-anxiousness
  5. alcohol, drug abuse
  6. step-parents
  7. domestic violence
  8. multiple/closely spaced births
  9. social isolation or lack of social support
  10. young parental age.
  11. poverty, poor housing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 5 ways that child abuse may present?

A
  1. Physical symptoms and signs
  2. Psychological symptoms and signs
  3. Concerning interaction observed between child and parent or carer
  4. Child may tell someone about the abuse
  5. Abuse may be observed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 2 things that are crucial in order to diagnose child abuse or neglect?

A
  1. Detailed history
  2. Thorough examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 4 types of colleagues who it is essential to seek advice from when you suspect chid abuse?

A
  1. More experienced members of the team
  2. Paediatric radiologists
  3. Paediatric surgeons
  4. Orthopaedic surgeons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 7 factors to consider in the presentation of a physical injury in a child?

A
  1. the child’s age and stage of development
  2. the history given by the child (if they can communicate)
  3. the plausibility and/or reasonableness of the explanation for the injury
  4. any background, e.g. previous child protection concerns, multiple attendances to Accident and Emergency department or general practitioner
  5. delay in reporting the injury
  6. inconsistent histories from caregivers
  7. inappropriate reaction of parents or caregivers who are vague, evasive, unconcerned, or excessively distressed or aggressive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 features of bruising in children to remember?

A
  1. Age of a bruise cannot be accurately estimated
  2. Bruising is hard to detect on children with dark skin
  3. Mongolian blue spots can be mistaken for bruises, as they may still be present at several years of age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 3 types of fractures that are more likely to be deliberately inflicted than accidental?

A
  1. Any fracture in non-mobile child (excluding fragile bones)
  2. Rib fractures
  3. Multiple fractures (unless significant accidental trauma e.g. RTA)
  4. Multiple fractures of different ages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 4 types of bruises that are more likely to be inflicted than accidental?

A
  1. Bruising in the shape of a hand or object
  2. Bruises on neck that look like attempted strangulation
  3. Bruises around the wrists or ankles that look like ligature marks
  4. Bruise to buttocks in a child less than 2 years or any age without a good explanation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 3 examples of types of burns which sugest they are inflicted rather than accidental?

A
  1. Any burn in a chld who is not mobile
  2. A burn in the shape of an implement - cigarette, iron
  3. A glove or stock burn consistent with forced immersion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a type of bite likely to be inflicted by an adult?

A

bruising in shape of bite thought unlikely to have been caused by a young child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What investigation should be performed in all children with suspected physical abuse under 30 months of age?

A

full radiographic skeletal survey with oblique views of the ribs

may require repeat x-ray 1-2 weeks later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 3 conditions that need to be excluded in children who are suspected to have suffered physical abuse?

A
  1. Bruising: coagulation disorders, Mongolian blue spots
  2. Fractures: osteogenesis imperfecta aka brittle bone disease
  3. Scalds and cigarette burns: could in fact be bullous impetigo or scalded skin syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the type of osteogenesis imperfecta that is commonly involved with unexplained fractures?

A

type I

17
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of type I osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

autosomal dominant

18
Q

What are 3 clinical findings in addition to unexplained fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta?

A
  1. Blue sclerae
  2. Generalised osteoporosis
  3. Wormian bones in skull (extra ones within skull sutures) on skeletal survey
19
Q

What are 4 investigations that should be performed in all children with suspected brain injury?

A
  1. Immediate CT head scan followed later by MRI head scan
  2. Skeletal survey to exclude fractures
  3. Expert ophthalmogical examination to identify retinal haemorrhages
  4. Coagulation screen
20
Q

What is good practice for children who are able to talk when abuse is suspected?

A

speak to children withou parents present using a chaperone - detailed history and full examination

21
Q

How should you go about performing a history and examination in a child you suspect is being abused?

A

perform in a sensitive and concerned way without being accusatory or condemning

22
Q

What should be done for any injuries or medical findings suggestive of abuse?

A

should be carefully noted, measured, recorded, drawn on body map and photographed (with consent)

date, time and sign all notes

23
Q

What are 2 investigations to report for all children that you suspect abuse in?

A
  1. height, weight, and head circumference should be recorded
  2. note interaction between child and parents
24
Q

If abuse is suspected what immediate decision needs to be made?

A

whether child needs immediate protection from further harm - if this is the case, can be achieved by admission to hospital, which allows investigations and multidisciplinary assessment

25
Q

What is a way to provide immediate protection for a child to prevent further harm and how should this be handled?

A

hospitl admission - if sympathetically handled, most parents willing to accept medical advice for hospital admission for observation and investigation

26
Q

What may be required if you want to provide immediate protection to a child but the parents refuse?

A

legal enforcement may be required for hospital admission

27
Q

What is needed for children who need protection from further harm but medical treatment is not necessary and not safe to return home?

A

placement may be found with foster carers

28
Q

When dealing with a child suspected of having been abused, who else’s safety must you consider? What should be done?

A

other siblings or children at home

alert police and/or social services to any concerns

29
Q

What are 2 types of meetings that are needed to discuss a child being abused?

A

initial strategy meeting

child protection conference later

30
Q

What are 7 types of people who may be present at a child protection conference?

A
  1. Social workers
  2. Health visitors
  3. Poliec
  4. GP
  5. Paediatricians
  6. Teachers
  7. Lawyers
31
Q

What is the requirement of parents for a child protection conference?

A

parents attend all or part of it

32
Q

What are 3 things decided at a child protection conference?

A
  1. whether the child should be provided with a child protection plan and under what category
  2. whether there should be an application to the court to protect the child
  3. what follow-up is needed

Paeds: Child protection (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions